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A number of conflict style inventories have been in active use since the 1960s. Most of them are based on the managerial grid developed by Robert R. Blake and Jane Mouton in their managerial grid model. The Blake and Mouton model uses two axes: "concern for people" is plotted using the vertical axis and "concern for task" along the horizontal axis.
Thomas and Kilmann proposed five modes of conflict management, developed from 1960 to 1975, which can be used to handle particular conflicts. [2] The United States Institute for Peace has published a free modified version of the Thomas-Kilmann test. [8] In that test collaborating is called problem solving.
The most widely used conflict style inventories are based on the Mouton Blake Axis which posits five styles of conflict response (see Managerial Grid Model). These include the Jay Hall Conflict Management Survey, the Thomas Kilmann Conflict Mode Instrument, [1] a standard since the 1960s, the Canadian International Institute of Applied ...
The Thomas Kilmann Conflict Mode Instrument (TKI) used a version of this with "Assertiveness" and "Cooperativeness" as the two factors, also leading to a fifth mode: Competing, (assertive, uncooperative) Avoiding (unassertive, uncooperative) Accommodating (unassertive, cooperative) Collaborating (assertive, cooperative)
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Five styles for conflict management, as identified by Thomas and Kilmann, are: competing, compromising, collaborating, avoiding, and accommodating. [2] Businesses can benefit from appropriate types and levels of conflict. That is the aim of conflict management, [3] and not the aim of conflict rejection.
In 1974, Kenneth W. Thomas and Ralph H. Kilman adopted this model and created the Thomas Kilmann Conflict Mode Instrument. This is the best known of the conflict style inventories. Another often used instrument is the Conflict Dynamics Profile offered by Eckerd College in Florida. This is primarily designed to be offered as a 360 degree instrument.
Ralph Kilmann is an American management consultant, educator, and author. [1] [2] He co-authored the Thomas–Kilmann Conflict Mode Instrument, a framework for understanding conflict based on five 'modes' of conflict responses: competing, accommodating, avoiding, collaborating, and compromising. [3] [4]