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If exponentiation is considered as a multivalued function then the possible values of (−1 ⋅ −1) 1/2 are {1, −1}. The identity holds, but saying {1} = {(−1 ⋅ −1) 1/2 } is incorrect. The identity ( e x ) y = e xy holds for real numbers x and y , but assuming its truth for complex numbers leads to the following paradox , discovered ...
The only known powers of 2 with all digits even are 2^1 = 2, 2^2 = 4, 2^3 = 8, 2^6 = 64 and 2^11 = 2048. [12] The first 3 powers of 2 with all but last digit odd is 2^4 = 16, 2^5 = 32 and 2^9 = 512. The next such power of 2 of form 2^n should have n of at least 6 digits.
In mathematics and statistics, sums of powers occur in a number of contexts: . Sums of squares arise in many contexts. For example, in geometry, the Pythagorean theorem involves the sum of two squares; in number theory, there are Legendre's three-square theorem and Jacobi's four-square theorem; and in statistics, the analysis of variance involves summing the squares of quantities.
Exponential functions with bases 2 and 1/2. In mathematics, the exponential function is the unique real function which maps zero to one and has a derivative equal to its value. The exponential of a variable is denoted or , with the two notations used interchangeably.
For example, given b = 5, e = 3 and m = 13, dividing 5 3 = 125 by 13 leaves a remainder of c = 8. Modular exponentiation can be performed with a negative exponent e by finding the modular multiplicative inverse d of b modulo m using the extended Euclidean algorithm. That is: c = b e mod m = d −e mod m, where e < 0 and b ⋅ d ≡ 1 (mod m).
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In elementary algebra, the binomial theorem (or binomial expansion) describes the algebraic expansion of powers of a binomial.According to the theorem, the power (+) expands into a polynomial with terms of the form , where the exponents and are nonnegative integers satisfying + = and the coefficient of each term is a specific positive integer ...
Keuffel and Esser 7" slide rule (5" scale, 1954) [1] A slide rule scale is a line with graduated markings inscribed along the length of a slide rule used for mathematical calculations. The earliest such device had a single logarithmic scale for performing multiplication and division, but soon an improved technique was developed which involved ...