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In civil engineering, specified loads are the best estimate of the actual loads a structure is expected to carry. These loads come in many different forms, such as people, equipment, vehicles, wind, rain, snow, earthquakes, the building materials themselves, etc. Specified loads also known as characteristic loads in many cases.
Considerations involved in selecting a roof pitch include availability and cost of materials, aesthetics, ease or difficulty of construction, climatic factors such as wind and potential snow load, [2] and local building codes. The primary purpose of pitching a roof is to redirect wind and precipitation, whether in the form of rain or snow.
In the Eurocode series of European standards (EN) related to construction, Eurocode 1: Actions on structures (abbreviated EN 1991 or, informally, EC 1) describes how to design load-bearing structures. It includes characteristic values for various types of loads and densities for all materials which are likely to be used in construction.
Section view through a house roof drawing showing names for parts of the structure. [clarification needed] (UK and Australia). Ctrs. means centers, a typical line to which carpenters layout framing. Domestic roof construction is the framing and roof covering which is found on most detached houses in cold and temperate climates. [1]
Structural analysis is mainly concerned with finding out the behavior of a physical structure when subjected to force. This action can be in the form of load due to the weight of things such as people, furniture, wind, snow, etc. or some other kind of excitation such as an earthquake, shaking of the ground due to a blast nearby, etc. In essence ...
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F = load due to fluids with well-defined pressures and maximum heights, F a = flood load, H = load due to lateral earth pressure, ground water pressure, or pressure of bulk materials, L = live load due to occupancy, L r = roof live load, S = snow load, R = nominal load due to initial rainwater or ice, exclusive of the ponding contribution,
Snow loads are related to the climate in which a structure is sited. Icings are usually a result of the building or structure generating heat that melts the snow that is on it. Snow loads – The Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures gives guidance on how to translate the following factors into roof snow loads: [86] Ground ...