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In physics and engineering, a free body diagram (FBD; also called a force diagram) [1] is a graphical illustration used to visualize the applied forces, moments, and resulting reactions on a free body in a given condition. It depicts a body or connected bodies with all the applied forces and moments, and reactions, which act on the body(ies).
The forces acting on a body add as vectors, and so the total force on a body depends upon both the magnitudes and the directions of the individual forces. When the net force on a body is equal to zero, then by Newton's second law, the body does not accelerate, and it is said to be in mechanical equilibrium .
To find the force of buoyancy acting on the object when in air, using this particular information, this formula applies: Buoyancy force = weight of object in empty space − weight of object immersed in fluid. The final result would be measured in Newtons. Air's density is very small compared to most solids and liquids.
An alternate formulation of rigid body dynamics that has a number of convenient features is obtained by considering the virtual work of forces acting on a rigid body. The virtual work of forces acting at various points on a single rigid body can be calculated using the velocities of their point of application and the resultant force and torque.
When all the forces that act upon an object are balanced, then the object is said to be in a state of equilibrium. [17]: 566 Hence, equilibrium occurs when the resultant force acting on a point particle is zero (that is, the vector sum of all forces is zero). When dealing with an extended body, it is also necessary that the net torque be zero.
This aerodynamic force is commonly resolved into two components, both acting through the center of pressure: [3]: 14 [1]: § 5.3 drag is the force component parallel to the direction of relative motion, lift is the force component perpendicular to the direction of relative motion. In addition to these two forces, the body may experience an ...
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Important forces include the gravitational force and the Lorentz force for electromagnetism. In addition, Newton's third law can sometimes be used to deduce the forces acting on a particle: if it is known that particle A exerts a force F on another particle B, it follows that B must exert an equal and opposite reaction force, −F, on A.