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The decomposition allows to decompose mean wage differences into two parts, one which is the consequence of individual characteristics in those 6 labour markets [note 1] and the other one which is due to unexplained differences. The author finds that the differences in wages between labour markets is at around 20%, and that between Aberdeen and ...
Skilled labour costs more to produce than unskilled labour, and can be more productive. Generally Marx assumed that—irrespective of the price for which it is sold—skilled labour power had a higher value (it costs more to produce, in money, time, energy and resources), and that skilled work could produce a product with a higher value in the ...
The marginal revenue product of a worker is equal to the product of the marginal product of labour (the increment to output from an increment to labor used) and the marginal revenue (the increment to sales revenue from an increment to output): =. The theory states that workers will be hired up to the point when the marginal revenue product is ...
Figures from the independent Office for Budget Responsibility on real household disposable income per person — a measure of living standards that does take changes to wages and benefits into ...
G.A. Cohen 'The Labour Theory of Value and the Concept of Exploitation', in his History Labour and Freedom. Duncan, Colin A.M. 1996. The Centrality of Agriculture: Between Humankind and The Rest of Nature. McGill–Queen's University Press, Montreal. ——2000. The Centrality of Agriculture: History, Ecology and Feasible Socialism.
Even though rational theory is used in Economics and Social settings, there are some similarities and differences. The concept of reward and reinforcement is parallel to each other while the concept of cost is also parallel to the concept of punishment. However, there is a difference of underlying assumptions in both contexts.
[note 20] Products that took 1 hour of labour to make in country A might take 10 hours to make in country B, a difference in production costs which could strongly influence the exchange values realised in the trade between A and B. More labour could, in effect, exchange for less labour internationally (an "unequal exchange" in value terms) for ...
Economic rent is also independent of opportunity cost, unlike economic profit, where opportunity cost is an essential component. Economic rent is viewed as unearned revenue [ 2 ] while economic profit is a narrower term describing surplus income earned by choosing between risk-adjusted alternatives.