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Sphalerite is a sulfide mineral with the chemical formula (Zn, Fe)S. [5] It is the most important ore of zinc.Sphalerite is found in a variety of deposit types, but it is primarily in sedimentary exhalative, Mississippi-Valley type, and volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits.
Sphalerite, the more common polymorph of zinc sulfide Wurtzite, the less common polymorph of zinc sulfide. ZnS exists in two main crystalline forms. This dualism is an example of polymorphism. In each form, the coordination geometry at Zn and S is tetrahedral. The more stable cubic form is known also as zinc blende or sphalerite.
English: Geologic context: sphalerite crystals atop sucrosic dolostone, Lockport Dolomite, upper Niagaran Series, Wenlockian, upper Middle Silurian Locality: Millersville Quarry, northern side of the town of Millersville, southwestern Sandusky County, northwestern Ohio, USA. Photo taken by James St. John.
Sphalerite ZnS; Chalcopyrite CuFeS 2; Pyrrhotite Fe 1–x S; Millerite NiS; Pentlandite (Fe,Ni) 9 S 8; Covellite CuS; Cinnabar HgS; Realgar AsS; Orpiment As 2 S 3; Stibnite Sb 2 S 3; Pyrite FeS 2; Marcasite FeS 2; Molybdenite MoS 2; Sulfarsenides: Cobaltite (Co,Fe)AsS; Arsenopyrite FeAsS; Gersdorffite NiAsS; Sulfosalts: Pyrargyrite Ag 3 SbS 3 ...
It is also found in association with sphalerite in low-temperature lead-zinc deposits within limestone beds. Minor amounts are found in contact metamorphic zones, in pegmatites, and disseminated in sedimentary rock. [8] In some deposits, the galena contains up to 0.5% silver, a byproduct that far surpasses the main lead ore in revenue. [9]
Porphyry dacite stocks are found intruded near the Atacocha and Milpo mines along the Atacocha Fault. Compania Minera Atacocha started operations at the Atacocha Mine in 1936. Ore minerals include galena and sphalerite. [5] The ore bodies that were deposited through the hydrothermal veins came from late-stage volcanism of a caldera system.
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The sphalerite ore found here was presumably converted to zinc oxide via roasting, although no archaeological evidence of this has been found. Smelting is thought to have been done in sealed cylindrical clay retorts which were packed with a mixture of roasted ore, dolomite , and an organic material, perhaps cow dung , and then placed vertically ...
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