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ER-positive is one of the Receptor statuses identified in the classification of breast cancer.Receptor status was traditionally considered by reviewing each individual receptor (ER, PR, her2) in turn, but newer approaches look at these together, along with the tumor grade, to categorize breast cancer into several conceptual molecular classes [1] that have different prognoses [2] and may have ...
There are two different forms of the estrogen receptor, usually referred to as α and β, each encoded by a separate gene (ESR1 and ESR2, respectively).Hormone-activated estrogen receptors form dimers, and, since the two forms are coexpressed in many cell types, the receptors may form ERα (αα) or ERβ (ββ) homodimers or ERαβ (αβ) heterodimers. [3]
Estrogen receptor positive (ER+) cancer cells depend on estrogen for their growth, so they can be treated with drugs to reduce either the effect of estrogen (e.g. tamoxifen) or the actual level of estrogen (e.g. aromatase inhibitors), and generally have a better prognosis.
There are two main types of estrogen receptor (ER): estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), and estrogen receptor beta (ER-β), also known as NR3A2. Both are nuclear receptors activated by the sex hormone estrogen. Estrogen signaling can be selectively stimulated or inhibited, dependent on the equilibrium of these two receptor types in target organs. [4]
Endocrine therapy is a common treatment for estrogen receptor positive breast cancer. However, resistance to this therapy can develop, leading to relapse and progression of disease. This highlights the need for new strategies to combat this resistance.
Estrogen receptors Progesterone receptors ERBB2 amplification Mutated TP53 [Notes 2] Tumorigenic in mice Reference External links 600MPE: Invasive ductal carcinoma + – – [3] Cellosaurus: AMJ13: Invasive ductal carcinoma: Primary: Yes: Yes: No--[4] Cellosaurus: AU565: Adenocarcinoma – – + – [3] Cellosaurus: BT-20: Invasive ductal ...
The ERRs are orphan nuclear receptors, meaning the identity of their endogenous ligand has yet to be unambiguously determined. They are named because of sequence homology with estrogen receptors, but do not appear to bind estrogens or other tested steroid hormones. There are three human estrogen related receptors: ERRα ; ERRβ ; ERRγ
Giredestrant is an investigational oral selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD) being developed for the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer. [1] [2] It is a potent, nonsteroidal compound that antagonizes estrogen effects by competitively binding to both wild-type and mutant estrogen receptors with nanomolar potency.