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For example, in January 2001, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the use of PEGylated interferon-alpha in the USA; in this formulation, PEGylated interferon-alpha-2b (Pegintron), polyethylene glycol is linked to the interferon molecule to make the interferon last longer in the body. Approval for PEGylated interferon-alpha-2a ...
The type-I interferons (IFN) are cytokines which play essential roles in inflammation, immunoregulation, tumor cells recognition, and T-cell responses. In the human genome, a cluster of thirteen functional IFN genes is located at the 9p21.3 cytoband over approximately 400 kb including coding genes for IFNα (IFNA1, IFNA2, IFNA4, IFNA5, IFNA6, IFNA7, IFNA8, IFNA10, IFNA13, IFNA14, IFNA16 ...
The similarity between IFN-λ2 and IFN-λ3 is approximately 96%, similarity of IFNλ1 to IFNλ 2/3 is around 81%. [2] Lowest similarity is found between IFN-λ4 and IFN-λ3 - only around 30%. [8] [9] Unlike type I interferon group, which consist of only one exon, type III interferons consist of multiple exons. [6] [5]
An interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) is a gene that can be expressed in response to stimulation by interferon. [1] [2] Interferons bind to receptors on the surface of a cell, initiating protein signaling pathways within the cell. This interaction leads to the expression of a subset of genes involved in the innate immune system response. [1]
The interferon-α/β receptor (IFNAR) is a virtually ubiquitous membrane receptor which binds endogenous type I interferon (IFN) cytokines. Endogenous human type I IFNs include many subtypes, such as interferons-α, -β, -ε, -κ, -ω, and -ζ.
The best known example of the enhanceosome acts on the human interferon-beta gene, which is upregulated in cells that are infected by viruses. [5] Three activator proteins— NF-κB , an interferon activator protein such as IRF-3 , and the ATF -2/c-Jun complex—cooperatively bind to the upstream enhancer region upon viral infection.
n/a Ensembl ENSG00000197919 n/a UniProt P01562 n/a RefSeq (mRNA) NM_024013 n/a RefSeq (protein) NP_076918 n/a Location (UCSC) Chr 9: 21.44 – 21.44 Mb n/a PubMed search n/a Wikidata View/Edit Human Interferon alpha-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IFNA1 gene. Leukocyte interferon is produced predominantly by B lymphocytes. Immune interferon (IFN-gamma ; MIM 147570) is produced ...
The interferon receptor is a molecule displayed on the surface of cells which interacts with extracellular interferons. Class II cytokine receptors bind type I, type II, and type III interferons. Class II cytokine receptors bind type I, type II, and type III interferons.