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Anemia is a deficiency in the size or number of red blood cells or in the amount of hemoglobin they contain. [1] This deficiency limits the exchange of O 2 and CO 2 between the blood and the tissue cells. [1] Globally, young children, women, and older adults are at the highest risk of developing anemia. [1]
A hemoglobin test measures the amount of hemoglobin in your blood. If a hemoglobin tests shows that a person's levels are below normal, it means they have a low red blood cell count, which is known as anemia. If the test shows higher levels than normal, it means they have hemoglobinemia. [citation needed] The normal range for hemoglobin is:
A strict but broad definition is an absolute decrease in red blood cell mass, [63] however, a broader definition is a lowered ability of the blood to carry oxygen. [64] An operational definition is a decrease in whole-blood hemoglobin concentration of more than 2 standard deviations below the mean of an age- and sex-matched reference range .
Iron-deficiency anemia is anemia caused by a lack of iron. [3] Anemia is defined as a decrease in the number of red blood cells or the amount of hemoglobin in the blood. [3] When onset is slow, symptoms are often vague such as feeling tired, weak, short of breath, or having decreased ability to exercise. [1]
Hypochromic anemia may be caused by vitamin B6 deficiency from a low iron intake, diminished iron absorption, or excessive iron loss. It can also be caused by infections (e.g. hookworms) or other diseases (i.e. anemia of chronic disease), therapeutic drugs, copper toxicity, and lead poisoning.
The normal range for hemoglobin is 13.8 to 17.2 grams per deciliter (g/dL) for men and 12.1 to 15.1 g/dL for women. [6] Low hemoglobin indicates anemia but will be normal for LID. [5] Normal serum iron is between 60 and 170 micrograms per deciliter (μg/dL). [7] Normal total iron-binding capacity for both sexes is 240 to 450 μg/dL. [6]
NHS figures show that the number of people in England taking antidepressants continues to rise, with 8.3m patients receiving them in 2021/22.
Microcytic anaemia; Microcytosis is the presence of red cells that are smaller than normal. Normal adult red cell has a diameter of 7.2 µm. Microcytes are common seen in with hypochromia in iron-deficiency anaemia, thalassaemia trait, congenital sideroblastic anaemia and sometimes in anaemia of chronic diseases.
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