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o-Xylene (ortho-xylene) is an aromatic hydrocarbon with the formula C 6 H 4 (CH 3) 2, with two methyl substituents bonded to adjacent carbon atoms of a benzene ring (the ortho configuration). It is a constitutional isomer of m -xylene and p -xylene , the mixture being called xylene or xylenes.
Xylene is used in the laboratory to make baths with dry ice to cool reaction vessels, [17] and as a solvent to remove synthetic immersion oil from the microscope objective in light microscopy. [18] In histology, xylene is the most widely used clearing agent. [19] Xylene is used to remove paraffin from dried microscope slides prior to staining.
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In the petroleum refining and petrochemical industries, the initialism BTX refers to mixtures of benzene, toluene, and the three xylene isomers, all of which are aromatic hydrocarbons. The xylene isomers are distinguished by the designations ortho – (or o –), meta – (or m –), and para – (or p –) as indicated in the adjacent diagram.
The handling of this chemical may incur notable safety precautions. It is highly recommend that you seek the Material Safety Datasheet for this chemical from a reliable source such as eChemPortal, and follow its directions.
Structural formula of ortho-Xylene. CAS ® Registry Number: 95-47-6. Image generated in ChemDraw Professional 22.2 and converted into SVG file using Scribus 1.6.1 + Inkscape 1.3.2 (drawn according to official Manual of Style guidelines) Date: 17 March 2024: Source: Own work: Author: Chem Sim 2001: Permission (Reusing this file)
The diene unit formed by the two exocyclic alkene units of the ortho isomer can serve as a ligand in coordination complexes. For example, reaction of α,α'-dibromo-o-xylene with iron carbonyls affords low yields of the xylylene complex Fe(CO) 3 [η 4-C 6 H 4 (CH 2) 2]. This product is structurally analogous to Fe(CO) 3 [η 4-1,3-butadiene]. [11]
α,α,α',α'-Tetrabromo-o-xylene is an organobromine compound with the formula C 6 H 4 (CHBr 2) 2. Three isomers of α,α,α',α'-Tetrabromoxylene exist, but the ortho derivative is most widely studied. It is an off-white solid. The compound is prepared by the photochemical reaction of o-xylene with elemental bromine: [1] C 6 H 4 (CH 3) 2 + 4 ...