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Đàn bầu - monochord zither: often tuned C3, though tuning varies; Đàn đáy - long-necked three-stringed lute with trapezoidal body: tuned G3 C4; Đàn nguyệt (also called nguyệt cầm, đàn kìm or Quân tử cầm) - moon-shaped two-string lute: no fixed tuning; strings are tuned a 4th, 5th, or 7th (minor), derived from the Chinese yueqin
The hammered dulcimer (also called the hammer dulcimer) is a percussion-stringed instrument which consists of strings typically stretched over a trapezoidal resonant sound board. The hammered dulcimer is set before the musician, who in more traditional styles may sit cross-legged on the floor, or in a more modern style may stand or sit at a ...
Paul Gifford and Karl-Heinz Schickhaus have researched the salterio in 18th century Italy; there are instruments with up to eight strings per course (i.e. 8 strings tuned to the same note and played all together, like a 12-string guitar or the middle and upper notes of a piano), made in places like Venice, Florence, Brescia, Milan, and Triente [citation needed], and signed by ten different makers.
The piano and hammered dulcimer use this method of sound production. Even though the piano strikes the strings, the use of felt hammers means that the sound that is produced can nevertheless be mellow and rounded, in contrast to the sharp attack produced when a very hard hammer strikes the strings.
With the rise of piano manufacturing Vienna in the 19th century, access to metal tuning pins and strings became much easier. The hammered dulcimer became popular throughout the Austro-Hungarian Empire, where it was quickly spread by itinerant Jewish and Romani (Gypsy) musicians.
Music historians report that the salterio, a hammered dulcimer, was played in Portugal, Spain, and Italy during this period. Historians say it is possible that the yangqin originated when the Portuguese, the English or the Dutch brought a dulcimer player to China who performed for locals.
Hammered dulcimer; Harpejji; Jhallari; Khim (Thailand and Cambodia) Piano (Keyboard instrument) Santur/Santoor (Persia, India, Pakistan, Greece) Tsymbaly (Ukraine) Utogardon (Hungary) Warr guitar; Yanggeum (Korea) Yangqin (China)
Striking (percussion instruments and hammered dulcimer; เครื่องตี, khrueang ti) Blowing (wind instruments; เครื่องเป่า, khrueang pao) Traditional Thai musical instruments also are classified into four categories, by the region of Thailand in which they are used.
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