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Diagnosis of berylliosis is based on history of beryllium exposures, documented beryllium sensitivity, and granulomatous inflammation on lung biopsy. Given the invasive nature of a lung biopsy, diagnosis can also be based on clinical history consistent with berylliosis, abnormal chest x-ray or CT scan findings, and abnormalities in pulmonary ...
Necrotizing pneumonia (NP), also known as cavitary pneumonia or cavitatory necrosis, is a rare but severe complication of lung parenchymal infection. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] In necrotizing pneumonia, there is a substantial liquefaction following death of the lung tissue, which may lead to gangrene formation in the lung.
Standard bronchoscopy usually shows chronic inflammation of lung tissue, and granulomas with poorly-defined margins. [1] Lung biopsy usually reveals non-necrotizing granulomatous inflammation. [7] It also shows "foamy" macrophages and crystals of oxalic acid. [3] Hyperplasia tends to occur in type 1 pneumocytes and not in type 2 pneumocytes. [3]
"Pulmonary hyalinizing granuloma" is a lesion characterized by keloid-like fibrosis in the lung and is not granulomatous. Similarly, radiologists often use the term granuloma when they see a calcified nodule on X-ray or CT scan of the chest. They make this assumption since granulomas usually contain calcium, although the cells that form a ...
These granulomas are the main reason for the name granulomatosis with polyangiitis, although it is not an essential feature. Nevertheless, necrotizing granulomas are a hallmark of this disease. However, many biopsies can be nonspecific and 50% provide too little information for the diagnosis of GPA. [12]
The commonest abnormality on lung function testing is a decrease in gas transfer. [2] Both obstructive and restrictive patterns on spirometry have been reported. [2] The differential diagnosis includes infection, other interstitial lung diseases and malignant disease including lymphoma.
The diagnosis should be made only after excluding other possible causes of similar symptoms such as tuberculosis. [6] Sarcoidosis may resolve without any treatment within a few years. [2] [5] However, some people may have long-term or severe disease. [5] Some symptoms may be improved with the use of anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen. [8]
Necrotizing pneumonia (NP), also known as cavitary pneumonia or cavitatory necrosis, is a rare but severe complication of lung parenchymal infection. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] In necrotizing pneumonia, there is a substantial liquefaction following death of the lung tissue, which may lead to gangrene formation in the lung.