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Moraxella catarrhalis is a fastidious, nonmotile, Gram-negative, aerobic, oxidase-positive diplococcus that can cause infections of the respiratory system, middle ear, eye, central nervous system, and joints of humans. It causes the infection of the host cell by sticking to the host cell using trimeric autotransporter adhesins.
Moraxella is a genus of gram-negative bacteria in the family Moraxellaceae. It is named after the Swiss ophthalmologist Victor Morax . The organisms are short rods , coccobacilli , or as in the case of Moraxella catarrhalis , diplococci in morphology, with asaccharolytic, oxidase -positive, and catalase -positive properties. [ 2 ]
"Atypical pneumonia" is atypical in that it is caused by atypical organisms (other than Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis). [20] These atypical organisms include special bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa.
In patients with "simple" COPD, therapy should be targeted towards Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and possibly pathogens of atypical pneumonia. [7] The first-line treatment is a beta-lactam antibiotic such as amoxicillin. The choice will depend on resistance patterns. [7]
Gram-negative bacteria are seen less frequently: Haemophilus influenzae , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Escherichia coli , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Bordetella pertussis, and Moraxella catarrhalis are the most common. These bacteria often live in the gut and enter the lungs when contents of the gut (such as vomit or faeces) are inhaled.
Moraxella catarrhalis and Acinetobacter baumannii are human pathogens, and Moraxella bovis is the cause of "pinkeye" of cattle (infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis ...
A few members are pathogens, such as species of Pseudomonas, Moraxella, and Acinetobacter, which may cause disease in humans, animals and plants. Pseudomonas
Calymmatobacterium granulomatis; Campylobacter. Campylobacter coli; Campylobacter fetus; Campylobacter jejuni; Campylobacter pylori; Capnocytophaga canimorsus