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Typographical symbols and punctuation marks Symbol Unicode name of the symbol [a] Similar glyphs or concepts See also ́: Acute (accent) Apostrophe, Grave, Circumflex Aldus leaf: Dingbat, Dinkus, Hedera, Index: Fleuron: ≈: Almost equal to: Tilde, Double hyphen: Approximation, Glossary of mathematical symbols, Double tilde & Ampersand: plus sign
These are usually handwritten on the paper containing the text. Symbols are interleaved in the text, while abbreviations may be placed in a margin with an arrow pointing to the problematic text. Different languages use different proofreading marks and sometimes publishers have their own in-house proofreading marks.
When used with currency symbols that precede the number (national conventions differ), the tilde precedes the symbol, thus for example '~$10' means 'about ten dollars'. [29] [better source needed] The symbols ≈ (almost equal to) and ≅ (approximately equal to) are among the other symbols used to express approximation.
Galley proofs or galleys are so named because in the days of hand-set letterpress printing in the 1650s, the printer would set the page into "galleys", metal trays into which type was laid and tightened into place. [5] A small proof press would then be used to print a limited number of copies for proofreading. [5]
The following table lists many specialized symbols commonly used in modern mathematics, ordered by their introduction date. The table can also be ordered alphabetically by clicking on the relevant header title.
For most symbols, the entry name is the corresponding Unicode symbol. So, for searching the entry of a symbol, it suffices to type or copy the Unicode symbol into the search textbox. Similarly, when possible, the entry name of a symbol is also an anchor, which allows linking easily from another Wikipedia article. When an entry name contains ...
In mathematical formulas, the ± symbol may be used to indicate a symbol that may be replaced by either of the plus and minus signs, + or −, allowing the formula to represent two values or two equations. [2] If x 2 = 9, one may give the solution as x = ±3. This indicates that the equation has two solutions: x = +3 and x = −3.
First-order approximation is the term scientists use for a slightly better answer. [3] Some simplifying assumptions are made, and when a number is needed, an answer with only one significant figure is often given ("the town has 4 × 10 3, or four thousand, residents"). In the case of a first-order approximation, at least one number given is exact.