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Jaspers believed that Spinoza, in his philosophical system, did not mean to say that God and Nature are interchangeable terms, but rather that God's transcendence was attested by his infinitely many attributes, and that two attributes known by humans, namely Thought and Extension, signified God's immanence. [171]
Albert Einstein stated "I believe in Spinoza's God". [2] He did not believe in a personal God who concerns himself with fates and actions of human beings, a view which he described as naïve. [3] He clarified, however, that, "I am not an atheist", [4] preferring to call himself an agnostic, [5] or a "religious nonbeliever."
Spinoza denies each point. According to Spinoza, God is the natural world. Spinoza concludes that God is the substance comprising the universe; that God exists in itself, not outside of the universe; and that the universe exists as it does from necessity, not because of a divine theological reason or will. Spinoza argues through propositions.
He argued that God acts solely by the laws of God's own nature and rejected the view that God acts for a particular purpose or telos. For Spinoza, those who believe that God acts for some particular end are delusional, projecting their hopes and fears onto the workings of nature.
According to German philosopher Karl Jaspers, when Spinoza wrote "Deus sive Natura" (God or Nature) Spinoza did not mean to say that God and Nature are interchangeable terms, but rather that God's transcendence was attested by his infinitely many attributes, and that two attributes known by humans, namely Thought and Extension, signified God's ...
Albert Einstein (1879–1955), German theoretical physicist, one of the most prolific intellects in human history, identified with Spinoza's God and called his own views on God "pantheistic". [ 41 ] [ 42 ] Einstein held a wavering view on pantheism and at times did not endorse it completely, making the statement in 1930, "I do not know if I can ...
In the chapter "Truth of My Father", Sagan writes that his "father believed in the God of Spinoza and Einstein, God not behind nature, but as nature, equivalent to it." [ 64 ] In 2009, pantheism was mentioned in a Papal encyclical [ 65 ] and in a statement on New Year's Day, 2010, [ 66 ] criticizing pantheism for denying the superiority of ...
From these perspectives, God is seen as the aggregate of all unified natural phenomena. [4] The phrase has often been associated with the philosophy of Baruch Spinoza, [5] although academics differ on how it is used. Natural pantheists believe that God is the entirety of the universe and that God speaks through the scientific process.