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  2. Wampum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wampum

    Wampum beads are typically tubular in shape, often a quarter of an inch long and an eighth of an inch wide. One 17th-century Seneca wampum belt featured beads almost 2.5 inches (65 mm) long. [1] Women artisans traditionally made wampum beads by rounding small pieces of whelk shells, then piercing them with a hole before stringing them.

  3. Two Row Wampum Treaty - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two_Row_Wampum_Treaty

    The Two Row Belt, as it is commonly known, depicts the kaswentha relationship in visual form via a long beaded belt of white wampum with two parallel lines of purple wampum along its length – the lines symbolizing a separate-but-equal relationship between two entities based on mutual benefit and mutual respect for each party’s inherent ...

  4. William Commanda - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Commanda

    In 1970, his community presented him with three sacred wampum belts, precious historical records and artifacts. [4] The three Wampum Belts that were under his care are: [2] [6] the Seven Fires Prophecy Belt (considered a founding document of the Algonquin Nation); the Jay Treaty Border Crossing Belt; and; the Three Figure Welcoming/Agreement ...

  5. Dish With One Spoon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dish_With_One_Spoon

    During a treaty gathering in 1840, Six Nations wampum keeper John Skanawati Buck [18] [dubious – discuss] presented four wampum belts, including one which commemorated the Dish With One Spoon. [ 4 ] : 221–222 Buck stated it represented the first treaty, to share hunting grounds, made between the Anishinaabe and the Six Nations many years ...

  6. Hiawatha - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiawatha

    The wampum belt consists of black or purplish and white beads made of shells. Found in the Northeast of America, quahog clam shells are often used for the black and sometimes the white beads of these belts. Most often, the Iroquois used various types of whelk shells for the white beads. Wampum figures in the story of Hiawatha.

  7. Covenant Chain - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covenant_Chain

    A representation of the original Two Row Wampum treaty belt. Through the Beaver Wars in the seventeenth century, the Iroquois conquered other tribes and territories for new hunting grounds and to take captives to add to their populations depleted from warfare and new European infectious diseases. The tribes in New England suffered even more ...

  8. William James Sidis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James_Sidis

    Much of the history was taken from wampum belts; Sidis explained, "The weaving of wampum belts is a sort of writing by means of belts of colored beads, in which the various designs of beads denoted different ideas according to a definitely accepted system, which could be read by anyone acquainted with wampum language, irrespective of what the ...

  9. Treaty of Shackamaxon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Shackamaxon

    Curators of the Philadelphia History Museum at Atwater Kent claim that a wampum belt in their possession serves as authentication that such a meeting did indeed take place; however, the wampum belt cannot prove or disprove whether the Lenni Lenape and the colony came to a formal agreement, and if so, what the provisions of such an agreement ...