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The infinitive has two main tenses (present and perfect) as well as a number of periphrastic tenses used in reported speech. Latin tenses do not have exact English equivalents, so that often the same tense can be translated in different ways depending on its context: for example, dūcō can be translated as 'I lead', 'I am leading' or 'I led ...
The passive tenses also have feminine and neuter forms, e.g. amāta est "she was loved", nūntiātum est "it was announced". Forms made with fuī instead of sum and forem instead of essem are also found, for example amātus fuī, amātus fuerō, amātus forem and so on, but these are not common in classical Latin. See Latin tenses.
Similarly, the following two examples use different tenses, although the context is very similar and the meaning is the same: est quod domī dīcere paene fuī oblītus (Plautus) [ 85 ] 'there's something which I almost forgot to say (earlier) in the house (i.e. before we left the house)'
Latin is a pro-drop language; that is, pronouns in the subject are usually omitted except for emphasis, so for example amās by itself means "you love" without the need to add the pronoun tū "you". Latin also exhibits verb framing in which the path of motion is encoded into the verb rather than shown by a separate word or phrase.
Latin word order is relatively free. The verb may be found at the beginning, in the middle, or at the end of a sentence; an adjective may precede or follow its noun (vir bonus or bonus vir both mean 'a good man'); [5] and a genitive may precede or follow its noun ('the enemies' camp' can be both hostium castra and castra hostium; the latter is more common). [6]
Examples of 'infinitive' dependent clauses - secondary past Inner Meaning Outer Meaning Paradigm Latin example English translation Comment relative past past in present 'perfect infinitive' patrem lanium fuisse, ferunt (Livy) [15] 'they say that his father was a butcher' [the fact] that x did in English
From a semantic perspective, a tense is a temporal circumstance in which an event takes place relative to a given point in time. [i] [ii] [iii] It is absolute (primary) if it relates the represented event to the time of the speech event [iv] [v] [vi] [vii] and it is relative if it relates the represented event to the time of another event in the context of discourse.
Latin tenses in dependent clauses; Latin tenses with modality; V. Verb of fearing; Latin verb paradigms; W. Latin word order This page was last edited on 5 October ...
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