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It was not until 1967 that the term functional electrical stimulation was coined by Moe and Post, [24] and used in a patent entitled, "Electrical stimulation of muscle deprived of nervous control with a view of providing muscular contraction and producing a functionally useful moment". [25] Offner's patent described a system used to treat foot ...
During the 19th and 20th centuries, researchers studied and documented the exact electrical properties that generate muscle movement. [26] [27] It was discovered that the body functions induced by electrical stimulation caused long-term changes in the muscles.
home-based functional electrical stimulation has been shown to rescue muscles which have experienced severe atrophy as a result of denervation. [19] This process involves electrically stimulating the nerves innervating the affected part of the body, using electrodes placed on the skin. [citation needed]
The activating function represents the rate of membrane potential change if the neuron is in resting state before the stimulation. Its physical dimensions are V/s or mV/ms. In other words, it represents the slope of the membrane voltage at the beginning of the stimulation. [8]
Treadmill training, over groundtraining, and functional electrical stimulation can all be used to improve walking or locomotor activity. These activities work if neurons of the central pattern generator (CPG) circuits, [8] [9] which generate rhythmic movements of the body, are still functioning. With inactivity, the neurons of CPG degenerate.
A microcurrent electrical neuromuscular stimulator or MENS (also microamperage electrical neuromuscular stimulator) is a device used to send weak electrical signals into the body. Such devices apply extremely small microamp [uA] electrical currents (less than 1 milliampere [mA]) to the tissues using electrodes placed on the skin.
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