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For much of the history of Roman Britain, a large number of soldiers were garrisoned on the island. This required that the emperor station a trusted senior man as governor of the province. As a result, many future emperors served as governors or legates in this province, including Vespasian, Pertinax, and Gordian I.
Southern British tribes before the Roman invasion. In common with other regions on the edge of the empire, Britain had enjoyed diplomatic and trading links with the Romans in the century since Julius Caesar's expeditions in 55 and 54 BC, and Roman economic and cultural influence was a significant part of the British late pre-Roman Iron Age, especially in the south.
The Romano-British culture arose in Britain under the Roman Empire following the Roman conquest in AD 43 and the creation of the province of Britannia. It arose as a fusion of the imported Roman culture with that of the indigenous Britons , a people of Celtic language and custom.
Christianity had been introduced into the British Isles during the Roman occupation. [13] The early Christian Berber author, Tertullian, writing in the 3rd century, said that "Christianity could even be found in Britain". [14] The Roman Emperor Constantine (306–337) granted official tolerance to Christianity with the Edict of Milan in 313. [15]
The end of Roman rule in Britain facilitated the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain, which historians often regard as the origin of England and of the English people. The Anglo-Saxons , a collection of various Germanic peoples , established several kingdoms that became the primary powers in present-day England and parts of southern Scotland . [ 3 ]
The recorded history of Scotland begins with the arrival of the Roman Empire in the 1st century, when the province of Britannia reached as far north as the Antonine Wall. North of this was Caledonia , inhabited by the Picti , whose uprisings forced Rome's legions back to Hadrian's Wall .
Although the rebellion was eventually quashed, the Romano-British citizens reportedly expelled their Roman officials during this period, and never again re-joined the Roman empire. [9] Writing in the mid-sixth century, Procopius stated that after the overthrow of Constantine III in 411, "the Romans never succeeded in recovering Britain, but it ...
43: Roman invasion of Britain, ordered by Claudius, who dispatches Aulus Plautius and an army of some 40,000 men; 60: Revolt against the Roman occupation, led by Boudica of the Iceni, begins; c. 84: Romans defeat Caledonians at the battle of Mons Graupius; 122: Construction of Hadrian's Wall begins. [1] 142: Construction of Antonine Wall in ...