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Pope Vigilius (died 7 June 555) was the bishop of Rome from 29 March 537 to his death. He is considered the first pope of the Byzantine papacy.Born into Roman aristocracy, Vigilius served as a deacon and papal apocrisiarius in Constantinople.
It opened around 7 May 538 and was presided over by Loup, Archbishop of Lyon. It established mainly: Sunday as day of the Lord; prohibition of field work on Sundays; prohibition of clerics practicing usury; prohibition of the conjuring of priests, as a critic of their bishop (canon 24, recall of canon 18 of the Council of Chalcedon, 451). [1]
The Byzantine Papacy was a period of return to Imperial domination of the papacy from 537 to 752, when popes required the approval of the Byzantine Emperors for episcopal consecration, and many popes were chosen from the apocrisiarii (liaisons from the pope to the emperor) or the inhabitants of Byzantine Greece, Syria, or Sicily.
"The papacy's power became supreme in Christendom in 538 AD due to a letter of the Roman emperor Justinian, known as Justinian's decree, which set up and acknowledged the bishop of Rome as the head of all churches. It gave the papacy political power, civil power as well as ecclesiastical power.
Medieval opposition to hierocracy, insisting on a clear separation of temporal and spiritual power, is often termed "dualism": in practice hierocratic and dualist positions often overlapped, with hierocrats acknowledging the distinct authority of secular princes while dualists accepted the pope's overall leadership of the Christian community.
Year 538 was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Iohannes without colleague (or, less frequently, year 1291 Ab urbe condita ).
The most plausible supposition we have ever seen on this point is that here we find the number in question. It is the number of the beast, the papacy; it is the number of his name, for he adopts it as his distinctive title; it is the number of a man, for he who bears it is the 'man of sin'." [52]
When the siege of Rome was in its final stages, Belisarius sent John, nephew of Vitalianus into Picenum to occupy the region. [2] The Roman population of Ariminum (present-day Rimini) invited John to take the town; [2] [5] John estimated that the position of Ariminum between Rome and the Gothic capital of Ravenna would cause Vitiges to lift Rome's siege and retreat if it were occupied.