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Depression may be related to abnormalities in the circadian rhythm, [22] or biological clock. A well synchronized circadian rhythm is critical for maintaining optimal health. Adverse changes and alterations in the circadian rhythm have been associated with various neurological disorders and mood disorders including depression. [23]
Serotonin pathways are thought to modulate eating, both the amount as well as the motor processes associated with eating. The serotonergic projections into the hypothalamus are thought to be particularly relevant, and an increase in serotonergic signaling is thought to generally decrease food consumption (evidenced by fenfluramine , however ...
There is also clinical evidence of the value of SSRIs in the treatment of the symptoms of schizophrenia and their ability to prevent cardiovascular diseases. [1] SSRIs primarily inhibit serotonin transporter (SERT) in the brain and have negligible effects on dopamine transporter (DAT) and norepinephrine transporter (NET).
"Prominent subjectively low mood, suggesting depression, and prominent blunting of affect, suggesting negative symptoms, are the two features which are most helpful in differentiating [schizophrenia and depression]." [1] A number of researchers believe that depression is actually a symptom of schizophrenia that has been hidden by the psychosis. [3]
Ketamine produces more similar symptoms (hallucinations, withdrawal) without observed permanent effects (other than ketamine tolerance). Both arylcyclohexamines have some(uM) affinity to D2 and as triple reuptake inhibitors. PCP is representative symptomatically, but does appear to cause brain structure changes seen in schizophrenia. [22]
Schizoaffective disorder is a mental disorder characterized by symptoms of both schizophrenia and a mood disorder - either bipolar disorder or depression. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] The main diagnostic criterion is the presence of psychotic symptoms for at least two weeks without prominent mood symptoms. [ 5 ]
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