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The common starling was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his Systema Naturae in 1758 under its current binomial name. [3] Sturnus and vulgaris are derived from the Latin for "starling" and "common" respectively. [4]
A common starling in eastern Siberia. The genus Sturnus was introduced in 1758 by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in the tenth edition of his Systema Naturae. [1] The genus name Sturnus is Latin for "starling". [2] Of the four species included by Linnaeus, the common starling (Sturnus vulgaris) is considered the type species. [3]
Starlings are native to Europe, Asia, and Africa, as well as northern Australia and the islands of the tropical Pacific. Several European and Asian species have been introduced to these areas, as well as North America, Hawaii, and New Zealand, where they generally compete for habitats with native birds and are considered to be invasive species.
While starlings are often thought of as a common bird in Europe and North America, their numbers have been in decline for decades — falling 53% between 1995 and 2018 – and in the UK they are ...
Purple martins suffered a severe population crash in the 20th century widely linked to the release and spread of European starlings in North America. European starlings and house sparrows compete with martins for nest cavities. Where purple martins once gathered in the thousands, by the 1980s they had all but disappeared.
The white-headed starling was formerly placed in the genus Sturnus.A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2008 found that the genus was polyphyletic. [2] In the reoganization to create monotypic genera, the white-headed starling was one of five starlings moved to the resurrected genus Sturnia that had been introduced in 1837 by René Lesson.
This is a junior synonym of Oriolus sinensis Gmelin, 1778, the white-shouldered starling. [3] [4] The genus name is from Latin sturnus meaning "starling". [5] The old genus' placement with the starlings was found to be polyphyletic, resulting in changes in the placement. A 2008 study places the following species within this genus: [6]
The spotless starling (Sturnus unicolor) is a passerine bird in the starling family, Sturnidae. It is closely related to the common starling (S. vulgaris), but has a much more restricted range, confined to the Iberian Peninsula, Northwest Africa, southernmost France, and the islands of Sicily, Corsica and Sardinia. It is largely non-migratory ...