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Odds of 4/1 would imply that the bettor stands to make a £400 profit on a £100 stake. If the odds are 1/4, the bettor will make £25 on a £100 stake. In either case, having won, the bettor always receives the original stake back; so if the odds are 4/1 the bettor receives a total of £500 (£400 plus the original £100).
The sample odds ratio n 11 n 00 / n 10 n 01 is easy to calculate, and for moderate and large samples performs well as an estimator of the population odds ratio. When one or more of the cells in the contingency table can have a small value, the sample odds ratio can be biased and exhibit high variance .
Poker calculators are algorithms which through probabilistic or statistical means derive a player's chance of winning, losing, or tying a poker hand. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Given the complexities of poker and the constantly changing rules, most poker calculators are statistical machines, probabilities and card counting is rarely used.
E.g. £100 each-way fivefold accumulator with winners at Evens ( 1 ⁄ 4 odds a place), 11-8 ( 1 ⁄ 5 odds), 5-4 ( 1 ⁄ 4 odds), 1-2 (all up to win) and 3-1 ( 1 ⁄ 5 odds); total staked = £200 Note: 'All up to win' means there are insufficient participants in the event for place odds to be given (e.g. 4 or fewer runners in a horse race).
Another example of such a game is Mega Millions, albeit with different jackpot odds. Where more than 1 powerball is drawn from a separate pool of balls to the main lottery (for example, in the EuroMillions game), the odds of the different possible powerball matching scores are calculated using the method shown in the "other scores" section ...
The name Log5 is due to Bill James [1] but the method of using odds ratios in this way dates back much farther. This is in effect a logistic rating model and is therefore equivalent to the Bradley–Terry model used for paired comparisons , the Elo rating system used in chess and the Rasch model used in the analysis of categorical data.
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A Dutch or an arb is profitable if the sum of the reciprocals of the decimal odds of each selection is less than 1, and each bet is sized such that the payout in each outcome are the same. Additionally, the profitability of a Dutch/arb can be expressed as 1-R, where R is the sum of the reciprocals. [2]