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The name "cyanobacteria" (from Ancient Greek κύανος (kúanos) 'blue') refers to their bluish green color, [5] [6] which forms the basis of cyanobacteria's informal common name, blue-green algae, [7] [8] [9] although as prokaryotes they are not scientifically classified as algae.
Klamath AFA is a blue-green algae that has been harvested wild from Upper Klamath Lake since the 1980s and used as a dietary supplement. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Genome sequencing distinguished and named this isolate as Aphanizomenon flos-aquae MDT14a , [ 4 ] [ 5 ] distinct from other varieties of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae .
Lake Erie in October 2011, during an intense cyanobacteria bloom [1] [2] Microcystins—or cyanoginosins—are a class of toxins produced by certain freshwater cyanobacteria, commonly known as blue-green algae. [3] Over 250 [4] different microcystins have been discovered so far, of which microcystin-LR is the most common.
Microcystis wesenbergii colony under epifluorescence microscopy with SYTOX Green DNA staining Microcystis floas-aquae Kirch. Microcystis is capable of producing large surface blooms through a combination of rapid division and buoyancy regulation by production of gas-filled vesicles.
Nostoc, also known as star jelly, troll's butter, spit of moon, fallen star, witch's butter (not to be confused with the fungi commonly known as witches' butter), and witch's jelly, is the most common genus of cyanobacteria found in a variety of both aquatic and terrestrial environments that may form colonies composed of filaments of moniliform cells in a gelatinous sheath of polysaccharides. [1]
Microcystis aeruginosa is a species of freshwater cyanobacteria that can form harmful algal blooms of economic and ecological importance. They are the most common toxic cyanobacterial bloom in eutrophic fresh water. Cyanobacteria produce neurotoxins and peptide hepatotoxins, such as microcystin and cyanopeptolin. [1]
Cyanobacteria were the first organisms to achieve photosynthesis. [4] Chlorophyll and phycocyanine—two pigments contained in cyanobacteria—allow the vegetative cells to absorb light and transform it into nutrients. [4] The genus Aphanizomenon is defined as a cluster of eight morphospecies, including Aphanizomenon flos-aquae. [5]
Cyanolichens are lichens that apart from the basic fungal component ("mycobiont"), contain cyanobacteria, otherwise known as blue-green algae, as the photosynthesizing component ("photobiont"). Overall, about a third of lichen photobionts are cyanobacteria and the other two thirds are green algae. [2]