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The River Thames (/ t ɛ m z / ⓘ TEMZ), known alternatively in parts as the River Isis, is a river that flows through southern England including London. At 215 miles (346 km), it is the longest river entirely in England and the second-longest in the United Kingdom , after the River Severn .
The Ancestral Thames is the geologically ancient precursor to the present day River Thames. The river has its origins in the emergence of Britain from a Cretaceous sea over 60 million years ago. Parts of the river's course were profoundly modified by the Anglian (or Elsterian) glaciation some 450,000 years ago.
Map of Oxford c. 1900, with the river labelled as "River Thames or Isis". Rowing on the Isis opposite the Oxford college boathouses. " The Isis " ( / ˈ aɪ s ɪ s / EYE -siss ) is an alternative name for the River Thames , used from its source in the Cotswolds until it is joined by the River Thame at Dorchester in Oxfordshire .
The Thames Estuary is the focal part of the 21st-century toponym, the "Thames Gateway", designated as one of the principal development areas in Southern England. The Thames Estuary 2050 Growth Commission report published in June 2018 identified the economic potential of the region.
A popular swimming area for families on the banks of the River Thames has been rated as having "poor" water quality. Wallingford Beach in Oxfordshire was made a designated bathing water site in May.
This list comprises the principal instances; longest ex-mill races (), with own articles are included; the main weirstream/river stream of each Thames lock is omitted and the smallest such associated instances [clarification needed]; but the Sheepwash Channel is included for its importance in Oxford.
The River Churn is the first tributary river of the River Thames.It rises in the Cotswolds at Seven Springs, south of Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, England and flows south across the Cotswold dip slope, passing through North Cerney and Cirencester, and joining the Thames in the parish of Cricklade in Wiltshire.
The source of the River Thames is disputed. The Environment Agency, the Ordnance Survey and other authorities have the source of the Thames as Thames Head. Others hold that the true source of the Thames is at Seven Springs, Gloucestershire, some 11 miles (18 km) farther north, and east of Gloucester.