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Atenolol is classified as a beta blocker with low lipophilicity and hence lower potential for crossing the blood–brain barrier and entering the brain. [44] This in turn may result in fewer effects in the central nervous system as well as a lower risk of neuropsychiatric side effects. [44] Only small amounts of atenolol are said to enter the ...
Beta blockers vary in their lipophilicity (fat solubility) and in turn in their ability to cross the blood–brain barrier and exert effects in the central nervous system. [76] Beta blockers with greater blood–brain barrier permeability can have both neuropsychiatric therapeutic benefits and side effects, as well as adverse cognitive effects ...
[23] [33] Bisoprolol, whilst β 1 adrenoceptor selective can help patients to avoid certain side-effects associated with non-selective beta-blocker activity [5] at additional adrenoceptors (α 1 and β 2), it does not signify its superiority in treating beta-blocker indicated cardiac conditions such as heart failure but could prove beneficial ...
Nebivolol is a beta blocker used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure. [5] As with other β-blockers, it is generally a less preferred treatment for high blood pressure. [6] It may be used by itself or with other blood pressure medication. [6] It is taken by mouth. [6] Common side effects include dizziness, feeling tired, nausea, and ...
Common side effects include nausea, abdominal pain, and constipation. [2] It may worsen the symptoms of asthma. [2] Propranolol may cause harmful effects for the baby if taken during pregnancy; [7] however, its use during breastfeeding is generally considered to be safe. [8] It is a non-selective beta blocker which works by blocking β ...
Studies have found serious side effects to be more common in individuals also taking digoxin, possibly because of pre-existing heart failure in those people. [8] As with other beta blockers, it may interact with calcium channel blockers, catecholamine-depleting drugs, insulin or antidiabetic drugs, β 2-adrenergic receptor agonists, and ...
Labetalol is often classified as a beta blocker with low lipophilicity and hence lower potential for crossing the blood–brain barrier and blood–placenta barrier. [17] [29] [30] This in turn may result in fewer effects in the central nervous system as well as a lower risk of neuropsychiatric side effects. [17]
It is also a adrenergic blocker with no partial agonist action and minimal membrane stabilizing activity. [2] Being selective for beta 1 receptors, it typically has fewer systemic side effects than non-selective beta-blockers, for example, not causing bronchospasm (mediated by beta 2 receptors) as timolol may.