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A humorous variant of Gödel's ontological proof is mentioned in Quentin Canterel's novel The Jolly Coroner. [26] [page needed] The proof is also mentioned in the TV series Hand of God. [specify] Jeffrey Kegler's 2007 novel The God Proof depicts the (fictional) rediscovery of Gödel's lost notebook about the ontological proof. [27]
Notices of the AMS, April 2006, Volume 53, Number 4 Kurt Gödel Centenary Issue; Paul Davies and Freeman Dyson discuss Kurt Godel (transcript) "Gödel and the Nature of Mathematical Truth" Edge: A Talk with Rebecca Goldstein on Kurt Gödel. It's Not All In The Numbers: Gregory Chaitin Explains Gödel's Mathematical Complexities. Gödel photo ...
Kurt Gödel created a formalization of Leibniz' version, known as Gödel's ontological proof. [1] A more recent argument was made by Stephen D. Unwin in 2003, who suggested the use of Bayesian probability to estimate the probability of God's existence. [2]
The name of this formula derives from Beweis, the German word for proof. A second new technique invented by Gödel in this paper was the use of self-referential sentences. Gödel showed that the classical paradoxes of self-reference, such as " This statement is false ", can be recast as self-referential formal sentences of arithmetic.
Bernays included a full proof of the incompleteness theorems in the second volume of Grundlagen der Mathematik , along with additional results of Ackermann on the ε-substitution method and Gentzen's consistency proof of arithmetic. This was the first full published proof of the second incompleteness theorem.
A more recent ontological argument came from Kurt Gödel, who proposed a formal argument for God's existence. Norman Malcolm also revived the ontological argument in 1960 when he located a second, stronger ontological argument in Anselm's work; Alvin Plantinga challenged this argument and proposed an alternative, based on modal logic.
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For example, Kurt Godel (1905–1978) used modal logic to elaborate and clarify Leibniz's version of Saint Anselm of Canterbury's ontological proof of the existence of God, known as Godel's Ontological Proof. [18]