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In the zoological field of ethology, a dominance hierarchy (formerly and colloquially called a pecking order) is a type of social hierarchy that arises when members of animal social groups interact, creating a ranking system. A dominant higher-ranking individual is sometimes called an alpha, and a submissive lower-ranking individual is called a ...
In evolutionary psychology and evolutionary anthropology, dual strategies theory states humans increase their status in social hierarchies using two major strategies known as dominance and prestige. The first and oldest of the two strategies, dominance, is exemplified by the use of force, implied force or other forms of coercion to take social ...
A group-based hierarchy is distinct from an individual-based hierarchy in that the former is based on a socially constructed group such as race, ethnicity, religion, social class and freedoms, linguistic group, etc. while the latter is based on inherited, athletic or leadership ability, high intelligence, artistic abilities, etc. [14]
Gaining dominance, that is becoming the alpha male, results in an "increased testicular volume, reddening of sexual skin on the face and genitalia, and heightened secretion of the sternal cutaneous gland". [13] When a male loses dominance or its alpha status, the reverse happens, although the blue ridges remain brightened.
The dominance hierarchy is also an attention hierarchy in that well integrated individuals evoke and secure higher levels of positive social attention than less integrated individuals. Not only does positive attention lower defensive arousal, but positive attention from higher ranking individuals heightens mood.
Jerry Seinfeld based his Netflix film Unfrosted on the past eras of “dominant masculinity” of the 1960s. “I think it is the key element and that is an agreed-upon hierarchy, which I think is ...
The dominant players in the field, called the incumbents, are generally invested in maintaining the field in its current form, as changes to the rules of competition risk destabilizing their dominant position. [2] Fields may also feature insurgents who instead aim to alter the field so they can successfully compete with the incumbents. [3]
The two yada-yada’d past the issues of Black civil rights and toxic masculinity as Seinfeld zeroed in on dominant men and hierarchy as “part of what makes that moment attractive.”