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Temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMD, TMJD) is an umbrella term covering pain and dysfunction of the muscles of mastication (the muscles that move the jaw) and the temporomandibular joints (the joints which connect the mandible to the skull).
Temporomandibular joint pain is generally due to one of four reasons. Myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome, primarily involving the muscles of mastication. This is the most common cause. Internal derangements, an abnormal relationship of the disc to any of the other components of the joint. Disc displacement is an example of internal derangement.
Jaw claudication is pain in the jaw associated with chewing. It is a classic symptom of giant-cell arteritis , [ 1 ] [ 2 ] but can be confused with symptoms of temporomandibular joint disease , rheumatoid arthritis of the temporomandibular joint , myasthenia gravis , tumors of the parotid gland , or occlusion or stenosis of the external carotid ...
Collagenase (breakdown of collagen) in the jaw bone leads to bone degeneration, providing room for cysts to develop. Substances released by the body's immune system as a result of the connective tissue breakdown, such as cytokines and growth factors, contribute to the mobilization and proliferation of epithelial cells in the area.
Cysts of the jaws are cysts—pathological epithelial-lined cavities filled with fluid or soft material—occurring on the bones of the jaws, the mandible and maxilla.Those are the bones with the highest prevalence of cysts in the human body, due to the abundant amount of epithelial remnants that can be left in the bones of the jaws.
Idiopathic osteosclerosis, also known as enostosis or dense bone island, is a condition which may be found around the roots of a tooth, usually a premolar or molar. [2] It is usually painless and found during routine radiographs as an amorphous radiopaque (light) area around a tooth.
The patient presented with swelling and mild pain, but no difficulty with speech, breathing or swallowing. The first lesion was removed, but at age 5.5, post-surgical follow-ups revealed a new lesion accompanied by mild swelling. This lesion as well as a lesion that appeared at 8 years of age were determined to be a benign cementoma.
Pain, inflammation of the surrounding soft tissue, secondary infection or drainage may or may not be present. The development of lesions is most frequent after invasive dental procedures, such as extractions, and is also known to occur spontaneously. There may be no symptoms for weeks or months, until lesions with exposed bone appear. [5]