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Anorectal abscess (also known as an anal/rectal abscess or perianal/perirectal abscess) is an abscess adjacent to the anus. [1] Most cases of perianal abscesses are sporadic, though there are certain situations which elevate the risk for developing the disease, such as diabetes mellitus, Crohn's disease, chronic corticosteroid treatment and others.
Anorectal Abscess and Fistula: Painful swelling, [5] Redness, Pain, [10] Bloody diarrhea, [11] an opening can point to a fistula, with or without drainage [5] with itchiness. [12] Visual Exam, Digital Rectal Exam, Anoscopy, Imaging (CT, MRI) of the fistula tract, endoanal ultrasound, Labs, [11] exam under anesthesia. [11]
The final structure of the abscess is an abscess wall, or capsule, that is formed by the adjacent healthy cells in an attempt to keep the pus from infecting neighboring structures. However, such encapsulation tends to prevent immune cells from attacking bacteria in the pus, or from reaching the causative organism or foreign object. [26]
The inflammation is sometimes limited to the formation of an anorectal abscess, and in some cases it spreads for a considerable distance and may be complicated by sepsis. The symptoms are acute pain in the rectal region, tenderness during defecation, elevated body temperature, and the appearance of an infiltrate in the anal region or on the ...
A systematic review reported that SRUS improved in 77% of patients who underwent any type of surgery. [6] However, recurrence of the condition later developed in 52% of cases. [6] It has been suggested that any treatment which only addresses the ulcer without correcting the underlying causes will typically lead to recurrence. [8]
Generally, benign rectal strictures may not require treatment if they do not cause symptoms. [1] For example, a non symptomatic stricture may be detected as an incidental finding during colonoscopy for an unrelated reason. [1] Treatment options fall into 3 main categories: dilatation, stenting, or surgery. [11]
Dal Monte et al. further refined this technique, introducing transanal hemorrhoidal dearterialization (THD). THD belongs to the category of minimally invasive surgery, since the procedure does not comprise incisions or removal of the hemorrhoidal tissue. [citation needed]
Stapled trans-anal rectal resection (STARR) is a minimally invasive surgical procedure for conditions such as obstructed defecation syndrome, internal rectal prolapse, and rectocele. Circular surgical staplers are used to resect (remove) sections of the wall of the rectum via the anus .