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In 2013, the American Psychiatric Association released the fifth edition of the DSM ().According to the manual, to be diagnosed with schizophrenia, two diagnostic criteria have to be met over much of the time of a period of at least one month, with a significant impact on social or occupational functioning for at least six months.
The first of these, in 1884-1885 was what was then diagnosed as dementia praecox (later known as paranoid schizophrenia or schizophrenia, paranoid type). He described his second mental illness , from 1893 to 1902, making also a brief reference to the first disorder from 1884 to 1885, in his book Memoirs of A Nervous Illness ( German ...
The causes of schizophrenia that underlie the development of schizophrenia, a psychiatric disorder, are complex and not clearly understood.A number of hypotheses including the dopamine hypothesis, and the glutamate hypothesis have been put forward in an attempt to explain the link between altered brain function and the symptoms and development of schizophrenia.
The prevalence of this condition stands at about 24 to 30 cases per 100,000 people while 0.7 to 3.0 new cases per 100,000 people are reported every year. Delusional disorder accounts for 1–2% of admissions to inpatient mental health facilities. [7] [30] The incidence of first admissions for delusional disorder is lower, from 0.001 to 0.003%. [31]
The mainstay of treatment for schizophrenia is an antipsychotic medication. [5] Most antipsychotics can take around 7 to 14 days to have their full effect. Medication may improve the positive symptoms of schizophrenia, and social and vocational functioning. [6]
Most people with schizophrenia live independently with community support. [1] In people with a first episode of psychosis a good long-term outcome occurs in 42% of cases, an intermediate outcome in 35% of cases, and a poor outcome in 27% of cases. [7] Outcome for schizophrenia appear better in the developing than the developed world. [8]
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The rationale for this approach was that, since the clinical pictures of adult schizophrenia and childhood schizophrenia are identical, childhood schizophrenia should not be a separate disorder. [16] However, the section in schizophrenia's Development and Course in DSM-5, includes references to childhood-onset schizophrenia .