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The primary goal of Grant's Indian policy was to have Native Americans assimilated into white culture, education, language, religion, and citizenship, that was designed to break Indian reliance on their own tribal, nomadic, hunting, and religious lifestyles.
In January 1873, Grant's Native American peace policy was challenged. Two weeks after Grant was elected for a second term, fighting broke out between the Modocs and settlers near the California-Oregon border. The Modocs, led by Captain Jack, killed 18 white settlers and then found a strong defensive position. Grant ordered General Sherman not ...
Shortly after Grant took office as president in March 1869, he appointed Parker as Commissioner of Indian Affairs. [13] He was the first Native American to hold the office. [13] Parker became the chief architect of President Grant's Peace Policy in relation to the Native Americans in the West. [14]
On domestic policy, Grant recommended legislative attention to education, postal reform, and infrastructure, including irrigation projects in arid western lands. He reiterated his commitment to fostering peaceful relations with Native American tribes while promoting their integration into a more settled way of life.
John Collier, the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, 1933–1945, set the priorities of the New Deal policies toward Native Americans, with an emphasis on reversing as much of the assimilationist policy as he could. Collier was instrumental in ending the loss of reservations lands held by Indians, and in enabling many tribal nations to re ...
Grant's Native American policy was to assimilate Indians into Anglo-American culture. In Grant's foreign policy, the Alabama Claims against Britain were peacefully resolved, but the Senate rejected Grant's annexation of Santo Domingo. In the disputed 1876 presidential election, Grant facilitated the approval by Congress of a peaceful compromise.
[27] [b] As Commissioner of Indian Affairs, Grant appointed Ely S. Parker, a Seneca Indian, a former member of his wartime staff, as the first Native American to serve in this position. With his familiarity of Indian life, Parker became the chief architect of Grant's Peace policy. [29]
Native American policy of the Barack Obama administration; Native American policy of the Richard Nixon administration; Native American policy of the Ulysses S. Grant administration; Native American recognition in the United States; Native American self-determination