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The city is one of the world's most vulnerable cities to the impacts of climate change. Due to its geographical and natural diversity, Indonesia is one of the countries most susceptible to the impacts of climate change. [1] This is supported by the fact that Jakarta has been listed as the world's most vulnerable city, regarding climate change.
The city is one of the world's most vulnerable cities to the impacts of climate change. Due to its geographical and natural diversity, Indonesia is one of the countries most susceptible to the impacts of climate change. [17] This is supported by the fact that Jakarta has been listed as the world's most vulnerable city, regarding climate change.
Climate change is having and will have further serious impact in the form of rising sea levels. As Indonesia is the world’s largest archipelago state, at current rates, rising sea levels will result in 42 million Indonesian households over 2000 islands being at risk of submersion by the middle of this century. [ 11 ]
There are numerous effects of climate change on agriculture, many of which are making it harder for agricultural activities to provide global food security.Rising temperatures and changing weather patterns often result in lower crop yields due to water scarcity caused by drought, heat waves and flooding. [5]
Therefore, any comprehensive plan of adaptation to the effects of climate change, particularly the present and future effects of climate change on agriculture, must also consider livestock. [33] [34] Livestock activities also contribute disproportionately to land-use effects, since crops such as corn and alfalfa are cultivated to feed the ...
[3]: 1508 While total food production to date had been increasing, climate risks to agriculture and food security are expected to accelerate after 1.5 °C (2.7 °F) is exceeded. [ 3 ] : 1490 These risks will be regionally uneven, as food security is expected to improve in some countries or even country sub-regions, while declining in others.
Deforestation in Indonesia involves the long-term loss of forests and foliage across much of the country; it has had massive environmental and social impacts. Indonesia is home to some of the most biologically diverse forests in the world and ranks third in number of species behind Brazil and the Democratic Republic of Congo .
Agriculture in Indonesia is one of the key sectors within the Indonesian economy. In the last 50 years, the sector's share in national gross domestic product has decreased considerably, due to the rise of industrialisation and service sector. Nevertheless, for the majority of Indonesian households, farming and plantation remains as a vital ...