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Pericoronitis is inflammation of the soft tissues surrounding the crown of a partially erupted tooth, [1] including the gingiva (gums) and the dental follicle. [2] The soft tissue covering a partially erupted tooth is known as an operculum, an area which can be difficult to access with normal oral hygiene methods.
The most common causes for odontogenic infection to be established are dental caries, deep fillings, failed root canal treatments, periodontal disease, and pericoronitis. [2] Odontogenic infection starts as localised infection and may remain localised to the region where it started, or spread into adjacent or distant areas.
Chlorhexidine came into medical use in the 1950s [15] and is available over the counter in the United States. [9] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. [16] In 2022, it was the 230th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 1 million prescriptions. [17] [18]
Over-the-counter (OTC) medicines at FamilyDoctor.org, maintained by the American Academy of Family Physicians. Contains extensive information on over-the-counter drugs and their responsible use, including specific guidance on several drug classes in question-and-answer format and information on common drug interactions.
Infection resulting from impacted wisdom teeth can be initially treated with antibiotics, local debridement or surgical removal of the gum overlying the tooth. Over time, most of these treatments tend to fail and patients develop recurrent symptoms. The most common treatment for recurrent pericoronitis is wisdom tooth removal.
Immunocompromised individuals are less able to fight off infections, and antibiotics are usually given. [51]: 232 Evidence of systemic involvement (such as a fever higher than 38.5 °C, cervical lymphadenopathy, or malaise) also indicates antibiotic therapy, as do rapidly spreading infections, cellulitis, or severe pericoronitis.
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Periapical periodontitis of some form is a very common condition. The prevalence of periapical periodontitis is generally reported to vary according to age group, e.g. 33% in those aged 20–30, 40% in 30- to 40-year-olds, 48% in 40- to 50-year-olds, 57% in 50- to 60-year-olds and 62% in those over the age of 60. [13]