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2. Focus (linguistics) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Focus_(linguistics)

   In linguistics, focus (abbreviated FOC) is a grammatical category that conveys which part of the sentence contributes new, non-derivable, or contrastive information. In the English sentence "Mary only insulted BILL", focus is expressed prosodically by a pitch accent on "Bill" which identifies him as the only person whom Mary insulted.

3. Topic and comment - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topic_and_comment

   Topic fronting refers to placing the topic at the beginning of a clause regardless whether it is marked or not. [4] Again, linguists disagree on many details. Languages often show different kinds of grammar for sentences that introduce new topics and those that continue discussing previously established topics.

4. Subordination (linguistics) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subordination_(linguistics)

   In linguistics, subordination (abbreviated variously SUBORD, SBRD, SUBR or SR) is a principle of the hierarchical organization of linguistic units.While the principle is applicable in semantics, morphology, and phonology, most work in linguistics employs the term "subordination" in the context of syntax, and that is the context in which it is considered here.

5. Modality (semantics) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modality_(semantics)

   The 'must' in this sentence thus expresses epistemic modality: "'for all we know', Agatha must be the murderer", where 'for all we know' is relative to some knowledge the speakers possess. In contrast, (2) might be spoken by someone who has decided that, according to some standard of conduct, Agatha has committed a vile crime, and therefore the ...

6. English grammar - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_grammar

   The first published English grammar was a Pamphlet for Grammar of 1586, written by William Bullokar with the stated goal of demonstrating that English was just as rule-based as Latin. Bullokar's grammar was faithfully modeled on William Lily's Latin grammar, Rudimenta Grammatices (1534), used in English schools at that time, having been ...

7. Sentence function - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentence_function

   The declarative sentence is the most common kind of sentence in language, in most situations, and in a way can be considered the default function of a sentence. What this means essentially is that when a language modifies a sentence in order to form a question or give a command, the base form will always be the declarative.