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Switching uses different kinds of network switches. A standard switch is known as a layer-2 switch and is commonly found in nearly any LAN. Layer-3 or layer-4 switches require advanced technology (see managed switch) and are more expensive and thus are usually only found in larger LANs or in special network environments.
A network switch is a multiport network bridge that uses MAC addresses to forward data at the data link layer (layer 2) of the OSI model. Some switches can also forward data at the network layer (layer 3) by additionally incorporating routing functionality. Such switches are commonly known as layer-3 switches or multilayer switches. [2]
This layer is the protocol layer that transfers data between nodes on a network segment across the physical layer. [2] The data link layer provides the functional and procedural means to transfer data between network entities and may also provide the means to detect and possibly correct errors that can occur in the physical layer. The data link ...
This article lists protocols, categorized by the nearest layer in the Open Systems Interconnection model.This list is not exclusive to only the OSI protocol family.Many of these protocols are originally based on the Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) and other models and they often do not fit neatly into OSI layers.
In the OSI model, bridging is performed in the data link layer (layer 2). [3] If one or more segments of the bridged network are wireless, the device is known as a wireless bridge. The main types of network bridging technologies are simple bridging, multiport bridging, and learning or transparent bridging. [4] [5]
The loop creates broadcast storms as broadcasts and multicasts are forwarded by switches out every port, the switch or switches will repeatedly rebroadcast the broadcast messages flooding the network. [1] Since the layer-2 header does not include a time to live (TTL) field, if a frame is sent into a looped topology, it can loop forever.
Flex links is a network switch feature in Cisco equipment which enables redundancy and load balancing at the layer 2 level. The feature serves as an alternative to Spanning Tree Protocol or link aggregation. [citation needed] A pair of layer 2 interfaces, such as switch ports or port channels, has one interface configured as a backup to the ...
Within a layer 2 network, MVRP provides a method to dynamically share VLAN information and configure the needed VLANs. For example, in order to add a switch port to a VLAN, only the end port, or the VLAN-supporting network device connected to the switch port need be reconfigured, and all necessary VLAN trunks are dynamically created on the ...