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The condenser microphone, invented at Western Electric in 1916 by E. C. Wente, [22] is also called a capacitor microphone or electrostatic microphone—capacitors were historically called condensers. The diaphragm acts as one plate of a capacitor, and audio vibrations produce changes in the distance between the plates.
An electret film is applied to the back plate of the microphone capsule and the diaphragm is made of an uncharged material, which may be mechanically more suitable for the transducer design being realized. Front electret This design features no back plate, and the capacitor is formed by the diaphragm and the inside surface of the capsule.
The ceramic EIA Class 2 dielectrics used in high-κ capacitors ("Z5U" and "X7R") are piezoelectric and directly transform mechanical vibration into a voltage in exactly the same way as a ceramic or piezoelectric microphone. [5] Film capacitors using soft (mechanically compliant) dielectric materials can also be microphonic due to vibrational ...
In the middle of the cavity was a mushroom-shaped flat-faced tuning post, with its top adjustable to make it possible to set the membrane-post distance; the membrane and the post formed a variable capacitor acting as a condenser microphone and providing amplitude modulation (AM), with parasitic frequency modulation (FM) for the re-radiated ...
In electrical engineering, a capacitor is a device that stores electrical energy by accumulating electric charges on two closely spaced surfaces that are insulated from each other. The capacitor was originally known as the condenser, [1] a term still encountered in a few compound names, such as the condenser microphone.
There is a similarity between an electret and the dielectric layer used in capacitors; the difference is that dielectrics in capacitors have an induced polarisation that is only transient, dependent on the potential applied on the dielectric, while dielectrics with electret properties exhibit quasi-permanent charge storage or polarisation.
These microphones had evolved from the 1928 CMV3 "bottle" mic, followed by the CMV3A which had interchangeable condenser heads. This mic was notoriously made use of by Hitler at the Berlin Olympics and at Nazi party rallies, and represented the state of the art in microphone technology at that time. [3]
A vacuum variable capacitor uses a set of plates made from concentric ... A butterfly capacitor is a form of rotary variable ... In a capacitor microphone ...