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A tax treaty, also called double tax agreement (DTA) or double tax avoidance agreement (DTAA), is an agreement between two countries to avoid or mitigate double taxation. [1] Such treaties may cover a range of taxes including income taxes , inheritance taxes , value added taxes , or other taxes. [ 2 ]
Participation exemptions are only relevant in countries which tax companies on their income from sources outside the country. Some systems (e.g., The Netherlands) provide that dividends from a subsidiary meeting the minimum ownership requirements is wholly exempt from taxation. Some systems provide a partial exemption.
Tax treaties tend not to exist, or to be of limited application, when either party regards the other as a tax haven. There are a number of model tax treaties published by various national and international bodies, such as the United Nations and the OECD. [210] Treaties tend to provide reduced rates of taxation on dividends, interest, and royalties.
So, for example, the Double Tax Treaty with the UK looks at a period of 183 days in the German tax year (which is the same as the calendar year); thus, a citizen of the UK could work in Germany from 1 September through the following 31 May (9 months) and then claim to be exempt from German tax.
Tax exemption is the reduction or removal of a liability to make a compulsory payment that would otherwise be imposed by a ruling power upon persons, property, income, or transactions. Tax-exempt status may provide complete relief from taxes, reduced rates, or tax on only a portion of items.
This article needs additional citations for verification. ... Tax exemption; Taxpayer groups; Tax holiday; ... Tobin tax; Spahn tax; Tax equalization; Tax treaty;
For example, US tax law requires individuals to reduce the foreign income tax by the ratio of the rate differential on dividends (39.6% less 20%) to the maximum individual tax rate (39.6%). [59] Some countries have at times allowed shareholders a credit against the shareholder's tax for taxes paid by the corporations. [ 60 ]
[citation needed] Going into tax exile is a form of tax mitigation or avoidance. A tax exile normally cannot return to their home country without being subject to outstanding tax liabilities. [citation needed] This may prevent the individual from leaving the country until these taxes owing have been paid.