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In mathematics, a fundamental pair of periods is an ordered pair of complex numbers that defines a lattice in the complex plane. This type of lattice is the underlying object with which elliptic functions and modular forms are defined. Fundamental parallelogram defined by a pair of vectors in the complex plane.
Each pair p, q defines a parallelogram, all with the same area, the magnitude of the cross product. One parallelogram fully defines the whole object. Without further symmetry, this parallelogram is a fundamental parallelogram. The fundamental domain of the period lattice. The vectors p and q can be represented by complex numbers. Up to size and ...
The base pairs form a parallelogram with half the area of the quadrilateral, A q, as the sum of the areas of the four large triangles, A l is 2 A q (each of the two pairs reconstructs the quadrilateral) while that of the small triangles, A s is a quarter of A l (half linear dimensions yields quarter area), and the area of the parallelogram is A ...
In geometry, a parallelepiped is a three-dimensional figure formed by six parallelograms (the term rhomboid is also sometimes used with this meaning). By analogy, it relates to a parallelogram just as a cube relates to a square. [a] Three equivalent definitions of parallelepiped are a hexahedron with three pairs of parallel faces,
Fundamental parallelogram may mean: Fundamental pair of periods on the complex plane; Primitive cell on the Euclidean plane This page was last edited on 28 ...
Vectors involved in the parallelogram law. In a normed space, the statement of the parallelogram law is an equation relating norms: ‖ ‖ + ‖ ‖ = ‖ + ‖ + ‖ ‖,.. The parallelogram law is equivalent to the seemingly weaker statement: ‖ ‖ + ‖ ‖ ‖ + ‖ + ‖ ‖, because the reverse inequality can be obtained from it by substituting (+) for , and () for , and then simplifying.
The fundamental polygon of Λ, if assumed convex, may be taken to be either a period parallelogram or a centrally symmetric hexagon, a result first proved by Fedorov in 1891. In the last case of genus g > 1, the Riemann surface is conformally equivalent to H/Γ where Γ is a Fuchsian group of Möbius transformations.
The Varignon parallelogram is a rectangle if and only if the diagonals of the quadrilateral are perpendicular, that is, if the quadrilateral is an orthodiagonal quadrilateral. [6]: p. 14 [7]: p. 169 For a self-crossing quadrilateral, the Varignon parallelogram can degenerate to four collinear points, forming a line segment traversed twice.