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For example, 15-crown-5 has a high affinity for sodium because the cavity size of 15-crown-5 is 1.7–2.2 Å, which is enough to fit the sodium ion (1.9 Å). [ 34 ] [ 35 ] Cryptands, like crown ethers and other ionophores , also have a high affinity for the sodium ion; derivatives of the alkalide Na − are obtainable [ 36 ] by the addition of ...
This page shows the electron configurations of the neutral gaseous atoms in their ground states. For each atom the subshells are given first in concise form, then with all subshells written out, followed by the number of electrons per shell. For phosphorus (element 15) as an example, the concise form is [Ne] 3s 2 3p 3.
This would be the case for example to excite a 2p electron of sodium to the 3s level and form the excited 1s 2 2s 2 2p 5 3s 2 configuration. The remainder of this article deals only with the ground-state configuration, often referred to as "the" configuration of an atom or molecule.
For example, a sodium atom, Na, has a single electron in its valence shell, surrounding 2 stable, filled inner shells of 2 and 8 electrons. Since these filled shells are very stable, a sodium atom tends to lose its extra electron and attain this stable configuration, becoming a sodium cation in the process
A schematic electron shell diagram of sodium and fluorine atoms undergoing a redox reaction to form sodium fluoride. Sodium loses its outer electron to give it a stable electron configuration, and this electron enters the fluorine atom exothermically. The oppositely charged ions – typically a great many of them – are then attracted to each ...
The quantum theory of the atom explains the eight electrons as a closed shell with an s 2 p 6 electron configuration. A closed-shell configuration is one in which low-lying energy levels are full and higher energy levels are empty. For example, the neon atom ground state has a full n = 2 shell (2s 2 2p 6) and an empty n = 3 shell. According to ...
The eleventh electron begins the filling of the third shell by occupying a 3s orbital, giving a configuration of 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 1 for sodium. This configuration is abbreviated [Ne] 3s 1, where [Ne] represents neon's configuration.
Configurations of elements 109 and above are not available. Predictions from reliable sources have been used for these elements. Grayed out electron numbers indicate subshells filled to their maximum. Bracketed noble gas symbols on the left represent inner configurations that are the same in each period. Written out, these are: He, 2, helium : 1s 2