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The tables below provides information on the variation of solubility of different substances (mostly inorganic compounds) in water with temperature, at one atmosphere pressure. Units of solubility are given in grams of substance per 100 millilitres of water (g/(100 mL)), unless shown otherwise. The substances are listed in alphabetical order.
Calcium carbonate is also used as a firming agent in many canned and bottled vegetable products. Several calcium supplement formulations have been documented to contain the chemical element lead, [69] posing a public health concern. [70] Lead is commonly found in natural sources of calcium. [69]
The following chart shows the solubility of various ionic compounds in water at 1 atm pressure and room temperature (approx. 25 °C, 298.15 K). "Soluble" means the ionic compound doesn't precipitate, while "slightly soluble" and "insoluble" mean that a solid will precipitate; "slightly soluble" compounds like calcium sulfate may require heat to precipitate.
Barium sulfate: 9.97 Cadmium oxalate: 7.82 (18 °C) Calcium carbonate: 8.06 Calcium fluoride: ... Solubility products of metal sulfides (data page) References
CaCO 3 + 2 HCl → CaCl 2 + CO 2 + H 2 O. Thus, scale can be removed with acid. In solution the equilibrium between carbonate, bicarbonate, carbon dioxide and carbonic acid is sensitive to pH, temperature, and pressure. Although di- and trivalent carbonates have low solubility, bicarbonate salts are far more soluble.
The term solubility is also used in some fields where the solute is altered by solvolysis. For example, many metals and their oxides are said to be "soluble in hydrochloric acid", although in fact the aqueous acid irreversibly degrades the solid to give soluble products. Most ionic solids dissociate when dissolved in polar solvents.
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This behaviour ("retrograde solubility") is uncommon: dissolution of most of the salts is endothermic and their solubility increases with temperature.The retrograde solubility of calcium sulfate is also responsible for its precipitation in the hottest zone of heating systems and for its contribution to the formation of scale in boilers along ...