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The quantity of fats, oils, greases, and solids (FOGS) that enter sewers is decreased by the traps. They consist of boxes within the drain run that flows between the sinks in a kitchen and the sewer system. They have only kitchen wastewater flowing through them and do not serve any other drainage system, such as toilets.
In the U.S., every plumbing fixture must also be coupled to the system's vent piping. [1] Without a vent, negative pressure from water leaving the system can slow flow (resulting in clogs) or cause a siphon to empty a trap. The high point of the vent system (the top of its "soil stack") must be open to the exterior at atmospheric pressure.
These devices avoid negative pressure in the drain pipe by venting room air into the drain pipe (behind the trap). A "Chicago Loop" is another alternative. When a trap is installed on a fixture that is not routinely used—such as a floor drain—the eventual evaporation of the water in the trap must be considered.
According to the International Residential Code 2003, an air gap length must meet the requirements of being two times the effective inner diameter of the pipe (2×D) in order to be sufficient. [2] A standard widely use in the United States is: A112.1.2 Air Gaps in Plumbing Systems (For Plumbing Fixtures and Water-Connected Receptors)
Each of these plumbing fixtures has one or more water outlets and a drain. In some cases, the drain has a device that can be manipulated to block the drain to fill the basin of the fixture. Each fixture also has a flood rim, or level at which water will begin to overflow. Most fixtures also have an overflow, which is a conduit for water to ...
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Plumbing is any system that conveys fluids for a wide range of applications. Plumbing uses pipes , valves , plumbing fixtures , tanks , and other apparatuses to convey fluids. [ 1 ] Heating and cooling (HVAC), waste removal , and potable water delivery are among the most common uses for plumbing, but it is not limited to these applications. [ 2 ]
Most of the solids are removed by the septic tanks, so the treatment plant can be much smaller than a typical plant. In addition, because of the vast reduction in solid waste, a pumping system, rather than a gravity system, can be used to move the wastewater. The pipes have small diameters, typically 1.5 to 4 inches (4 to 10 cm).