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  2. Thévenin's theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thévenin's_theorem

    The equivalent resistance R th is the resistance that the circuit between terminals A and B would have if all ideal voltage sources in the circuit were replaced by a short circuit and all ideal current sources were replaced by an open circuit (i.e., the sources are set to provide zero voltages and currents).

  3. Norton's theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norton's_theorem

    The Norton resistance R no is found by calculating the output voltage V o produced at A and B with no resistance or load connected to, then R no = V o / I no; equivalently, this is the resistance between the terminals with all (independent) voltage sources short-circuited and independent current sources open-circuited (i.e., each independent ...

  4. Series and parallel circuits - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits

    The total resistance of this parallel arrangement is expressed by the following equation: 1/R total = 1/R a + 1/R b + ... + 1/R n. R a, R b, and R n are the resistances of the renal, hepatic, and other arteries respectively. The total resistance is less than the resistance of any of the individual arteries. [3]

  5. Equivalent impedance transforms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalent_impedance...

    These include resistors in series, resistors in parallel and the extension to series and parallel circuits for capacitors, inductors and general impedances. Also well known are the Norton and Thévenin equivalent current generator and voltage generator circuits respectively, as is the Y-Δ transform. None of these are discussed in detail here ...

  6. Johnson–Nyquist noise - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnson–Nyquist_noise

    Figure 4. These circuits are equivalent: (A) A resistor at nonzero temperature with internal thermal noise; (B) Its Thévenin equivalent circuit: a noiseless resistor in series with a noise voltage source; (C) Its Norton equivalent circuit: a noiseless resistance in parallel with a noise current source.

  7. Equivalent series resistance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalent_series_resistance

    The DC wire resistance is an important parameter in transformer and general inductor design because it contributes to the impedance of the component, and current flowing through that resistance is dissipated as waste heat, and energy is lost from the circuit. It can be modeled as a resistor in series with the inductor, often leading to the DC ...

  8. Equivalent circuit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalent_circuit

    Often, an equivalent circuit is sought that simplifies calculation, and more broadly, that is a simplest form of a more complex circuit in order to aid analysis. [1] In its most common form, an equivalent circuit is made up of linear, passive elements. However, more complex equivalent circuits are used that approximate the nonlinear behavior of ...

  9. Series and parallel springs - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_springs

    The following table gives formula for the spring that is equivalent to a system of two springs, in series or in parallel, whose spring constants are and . [1] The compliance c {\displaystyle c} of a spring is the reciprocal 1 / k {\displaystyle 1/k} of its spring constant.)