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Many operating systems, for example Windows, [1] Linux, [2] and macOS [3] will run an idle task, which is a special task loaded by the OS scheduler on a CPU when there is nothing for the CPU to do. The idle task can be hard-coded into the scheduler, or it can be implemented as a separate task with the lowest possible priority.
It is mostly used by device drivers waiting for disk or network IO (input/output). When the process is sleeping uninterruptibly, signals accumulated during the sleep will be noticed when the process returns from the system call or trap. In Unix-like systems the command 'ps -l' uses code "D" for the uninterruptible sleep state of a process. [9]
However, the idle process does not use up computer resources (even when stated to be running at a high percent). Its CPU time "usage" is a measure of how much CPU time is not being used by other threads. In Windows 2000 and later the threads in the System Idle Process are also used to implement CPU power saving.
The startup sequence provides auditory and visual symbols of the computer's status and condition as it powers up, providing users with immediate feedback on the machine's soundness. Additionally, they allow the user to quickly identify any potential problems and take any appropriate actions to rectify faults.
Wake-on-LAN (WoL or WOL) is an Ethernet or Token Ring computer networking standard that allows a computer to be turned on or awakened from sleep mode by a network message. It is based upon AMD 's Magic Packet Technology , which was co-developed by AMD and Hewlett-Packard, following its proposal as a standard in 1995.
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