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Respiratory sounds, also known as lung sounds or breath sounds, are the specific sounds generated by the movement of air through the respiratory system. [1] These may be easily audible or identified through auscultation of the respiratory system through the lung fields with a stethoscope as well as from the spectral characteristics of lung sounds. [2]
Likewise, physical exam findings such as altered breath sounds heard in the affected lung fields may also be suggestive of aspiration pneumonia. [6] Some cases of aspiration pneumonia are caused by aspiration of food particles or other particulate substances like pill fragments; these can be diagnosed by pathologists on lung biopsy specimens. [20]
If the foreign body does not cause a large degree of obstruction, patients may present with chronic cough, asymmetrical breath sounds on exam, or recurrent pneumonia of a specific lung lobe. [2] If the aspiration occurred weeks or even months ago, the object may lead to an obstructive pneumonia or even a lung abscess. Therefore, it is important ...
[15] [16] An area of thinner musculature on the back where sounds may be more audible is called the triangle of auscultation. [17] During auscultation, deep breaths are taken through the mouth and abnormal sounds listened for. [18] [19] Abnormal sounds include: Wheezes, describing a continuous musical sound on expiration or inspiration. A ...
Crackles are the clicking, rattling, or crackling noises that may be made by one or both lungs of a human with a respiratory disease during inhalation, and occasionally during exhalation. They are usually heard only with a stethoscope ("on auscultation"). Pulmonary crackles are abnormal breath sounds that were formerly referred to as rales. [2]
Aspiration pneumonia is when bacteria is carried into the respiratory tract via aspiration and subsequently causes an infection of the lung. Any substance or object that is aspirated into the airway has the potential of carrying infectious agents with it into the respiratory tract.
Pneumonia is most commonly classified by where or how it was acquired: community-acquired, aspiration, healthcare-associated, hospital-acquired, and ventilator-associated pneumonia. [42] It may also be classified by the area of the lung affected: lobar, bronchial pneumonia and acute interstitial pneumonia; [42] or by the causative organism. [81]
Understanding Lung Sounds 3rd edition (2002) by Steven Lehrer is a book and audio CD that guides the student through the skills of lung auscultation. It provides a complete overview of lung examination, anatomy, physiology, and pathology.