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In chemical thermodynamics, an endergonic reaction (from Greek ἔνδον (endon) 'within' and ἔργον (ergon) 'work'; also called a heat absorbing nonspontaneous reaction or an unfavorable reaction) is a chemical reaction in which the standard change in free energy is positive, and an additional driving force is needed to perform this ...
The principle that biological macromolecules catalyze a thermodynamically unfavorable reaction if and only if a thermodynamically favorable reaction occurs simultaneously, underlies all known forms of life. The transfer of electrons from a donor molecule to an acceptor molecule can be spatially separated into a series of intermediate redox ...
Hsp104 monomer is composed of two NBDs (Nucleotide Binding Sites) NBD1 and NBD2 which communicate through allosteric communication . Located on the C-terminus of NBD1 there are around 125 residues that link both NBDs .In hsp104 NBD1 is where ATP hydrolysis occurs, NBD2 C-terminus is shown to express the configuration of the structure by nucleotide-dependent hexamerazation.
A reaction with ∆H°<0 is called exothermic reaction while one with ∆H°>0 is endothermic. Figure 8: Reaction Coordinate Diagrams showing favorable or unfavorable and slow or fast reactions [7] The relative stability of reactant and product does not define the feasibility of any reaction all by itself.
The high stability of Heck reaction catalysts permits the synthesis of highly strained compounds at elevated temperatures. In the example below, the arene and alkene must both be in energetically unfavorable axial positions in order to react. [12] (7)
Thermochemistry is useful in predicting reactant and product quantities throughout the course of a given reaction. In combination with entropy determinations, it is also used to predict whether a reaction is spontaneous or non-spontaneous, favorable or unfavorable. Endothermic reactions absorb heat, while exothermic reactions release heat ...
Large particles are more energetically favorable since, continuing with this example, more atoms are bonded to 6 neighbors and fewer atoms are at the unfavorable surface. As the system tries to lower its overall energy, molecules on the surface of a small particle (energetically unfavorable, with only 3 or 4 or 5 bonded neighbors) will tend to ...
The energy released by this hydrolysis helps drive the otherwise energetically unfavorable reaction forward. [3] [4] It's the hydrolyzation of the ATP that makes peptide bond formation a favorable reaction because of the inorganic phosphate acting as a leaving group, resulting in a high negative free energy. [5]