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  2. DNA - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA

    Cell-free fetal DNA is found in the blood of the mother, and can be sequenced to determine a great deal of information about the developing fetus. [ 113 ] Under the name of environmental DNA eDNA has seen increased use in the natural sciences as a survey tool for ecology , monitoring the movements and presence of species in water, air, or on ...

  3. Cytosine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytosine

    Cytosine (/ ˈ s aɪ t ə ˌ s iː n,-ˌ z iː n,-ˌ s ɪ n / [2] [3]) (symbol C or Cyt) is one of the four nucleotide bases found in DNA and RNA, along with adenine, guanine, and thymine (uracil in RNA). It is a pyrimidine derivative, with a heterocyclic aromatic ring and two substituents attached (an amine group at position 4 and a keto group ...

  4. Nucleotide base - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleotide_base

    Similarly, the simple-ring structure of cytosine, uracil, and thymine is derived of pyrimidine, so those three bases are called the pyrimidine bases. [ 6 ] Each of the base pairs in a typical double- helix DNA comprises a purine and a pyrimidine: either an A paired with a T or a C paired with a G.

  5. Pyrimidine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrimidine

    Pyrimidine (C 4 H 4 N 2; / p ɪ ˈ r ɪ. m ɪ ˌ d iː n, p aɪ ˈ r ɪ. m ɪ ˌ d iː n /) is an aromatic, heterocyclic, organic compound similar to pyridine (C 5 H 5 N). [3] One of the three diazines (six-membered heterocyclics with two nitrogen atoms in the ring), it has nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3 in the ring.

  6. Nucleic acid structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleic_acid_structure

    5-carbon sugar which is called deoxyribose (found in DNA) and ribose (found in RNA). One or more phosphate groups. [1] The nitrogen bases adenine and guanine are purine in structure and form a glycosidic bond between their 9 nitrogen and the 1' -OH group of the deoxyribose.

  7. Thymine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thymine

    Pyrimidine, like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), another carbon-rich compound, may have been formed in red giants or in interstellar dust and gas clouds, according to the scientists. [7] Thymine has not been found in meteorites, which suggests the first strands of DNA had to look elsewhere to obtain this building block.

  8. Deoxyribonucleotide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deoxyribonucleotide

    The nitrogenous bases are either purines or pyrimidines, heterocycles whose structures support the specific base-pairing interactions that allow nucleic acids to carry information. The base is always bonded to the 1'-carbon of the deoxyribose, an analog of ribose in which the hydroxyl group of the 2'-carbon is replaced with a hydrogen atom.

  9. Thymidine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thymidine

    Thymidine (symbol dT or dThd), also known as deoxythymidine, deoxyribosylthymine, or thymine deoxyriboside, is a pyrimidine deoxynucleoside. Deoxythymidine is the DNA nucleoside T, which pairs with deoxyadenosine (A) in double-stranded DNA. In cell biology it is used to synchronize the cells in G1/early S phase.