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Hypothyroidism (also called underactive thyroid, low thyroid or hypothyreosis) is a disorder of the endocrine system in which the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones. [3] It can cause a number of symptoms, such as poor ability to tolerate cold , extreme fatigue, muscle aches , constipation , slow heart rate , depression , and ...
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) is produced by the pituitary gland, another hormone-producing organ in the head. This in turn causes the thyroid to produce T3 and T4, which play a role in the ...
Excess thyroxine is believed to bring about the onset of thyrotoxic myopathy and eventually cause the degradation of muscle tissue. Thyroxine is a hormone produced in the thyroid gland that regulates the growth metabolism of the nervous system and regulates basal metabolic rate of many cell types. Scientists agree thyroxine brings about the ...
If there is a deficiency of dietary iodine, the thyroid will not be able to make thyroid hormones. [57] The lack of thyroid hormones will lead to decreased negative feedback on the pituitary, leading to increased production of thyroid-stimulating hormone , which causes the thyroid to enlarge (the resulting medical condition is called endemic ...
Certain medications can have the unintended side effect of affecting thyroid function. While some medications can lead to significant hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism and those at risk will need to be carefully monitored, some medications may affect thyroid hormone lab tests without causing any symptoms or clinical changes, and may not require treatment.
It is not clear how the described genetic defects increase the Na + /K +-ATPase activity, but it is suspected that the enzyme becomes more active due to increased thyroid hormone levels. Hyperthyroidism increases the levels of catecholamines (such as adrenaline ) in the blood, increasing Na + /K + -ATPase activity. [ 5 ]
Muscle cramps, dizziness, fatigue, nausea, and vomiting might happen, as well. When the weather is warm, you might get dehydrated or end up with heat exhaustion, which triggers chills.
Endogenous thyroid hormone levels may fluctuate, particularly early in the disease. [78] This can be due to a number of factors including destructive thyrotoxicosis (autoimmune attacks on the thyroid resulting in rises in thyroid hormone levels as thyroid hormones leak out of the damaged tissues). [20]
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