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The IEEE endorsed the final version of TKIP, along with more robust solutions such as 802.1X and the AES based CCMP, when they published IEEE 802.11i-2004 on 23 July 2004. [3] The Wi-Fi Alliance soon afterwards adopted the full specification under the marketing name WPA2. [4] TKIP was resolved to be deprecated by the IEEE in January 2009. [1]
WPA (sometimes referred to as the TKIP standard) became available in 2003. The Wi-Fi Alliance intended it as an intermediate measure in anticipation of the availability of the more secure and complex WPA2, which became available in 2004 and is a common shorthand for the full IEEE 802.11i (or IEEE 802.11i-2004 ) standard.
CCMP is based on AES processing and uses a 128-bit key and a 128-bit block size. CCMP uses CCM with the following two parameters: M = 8; indicating that the MIC is 8 octets (eight bytes). L = 2; indicating that the Length field is 2 octets. A CCMP Medium Access Control Protocol Data Unit (MPDU) comprises five sections. The first is the MAC ...
IEEE 802.11i-2004, or 802.11i for short, is an amendment to the original IEEE 802.11, implemented as Wi-Fi Protected Access II (WPA2). The draft standard was ratified on 24 June 2004.
It is an optional feature in 802.11 and is required for 802.11 implementations that support TKIP or CCMP. Its use is optional and can be negotiable between STAs.
The TKIP encryption algorithm was developed for WPA to provide improvements to WEP that could be fielded as firmware upgrades to existing 802.11 devices. The WPA profile also provides optional support for the AES-CCMP algorithm that is the preferred algorithm in 802.11i and WPA2. WPA Enterprise provides RADIUS based authentication using 802.1X.
CCMP is a way to encrypt and authenticate 802.11 frames using AES-CCM; TKIP is a way to encrypt and authenticate 802.11 frames using a combination of RC4 encryption and Michael authentication; 802.11i is an IEEE security standard, includes both CCMP and TKIP; WPA is a WiFi Association certification that roughly maps to the Draft 3 of the 802.11i.
However, TKIP (the basis of WPA) has reached the end of its designed lifetime, has been partially broken, and has been officially deprecated with the release of the 802.11-2012 standard. [ 23 ] Implemented non-standard fixes