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Jews lived in Kurdistan for thousands of years, before the final and mass migration in 1951–1952 to Israel. For many years, the Jews lived under the rule of the Ottoman and Persian Empires and following World War I, they mainly lived in Iraq, Iran and Turkey, some Jews lived in Syria.
In 1927, Ben-Zvi documented an entire street in Hebron inhabited by Muslims who were thought to be of Jewish ancestry. Forced to convert to Islam against their will several generations earlier, possibly around 150 years prior, they were known as the al-muḥtasibīn (المختاسبين), meaning "those who give their law to heaven".
Anti-Jewish actions by Arab governments in the 1950s and 1960s, in the context of the founding of the State of Israel, led to the departure of large numbers of Mizrahi Jews from the Middle East. [4] 25,000 Mizrahi Jews from Egypt left after the 1956 Suez Crisis. [5] [6] They became refugees and most went to Israel. Today, as many as 40,000 ...
Meir was the first female prime minister of Israel and the first woman to have headed a Middle Eastern state in modern times. [331] Gahal retained its 26 seats, and was the second largest party. In September 1970 King Hussein of Jordan drove the Palestine Liberation Organization out of his country. On 18 September 1970, Syrian tanks invaded ...
Patriarch Sophronius and Umar are reported to have agreed the Covenant of Umar I, which guaranteed non-Muslims freedom of religion, and under Islamic rule, for the first time since the Roman period, Jews were once again allowed to live and worship freely in Jerusalem. [51] Jerusalem becomes part of the Jund Filastin province of the Arab Caliphate.
In the centuries since the rise of Islam, many Jews living in the Muslim world were forced to convert to Islam, [citation needed] such as the Mashhadi Jews of Persia, who continued to practice Judaism in secret and eventually moved to Israel. Many of the Anusim's descendants left Judaism over the years.
By the first century, Babylonia already held a speedily growing [92] population of an estimated 1,000,000 Jews, which increased to an estimated 2 million [117] between the years 200 CE and 500 CE, both by natural growth and by immigration of more Jews from Judea, making up about 1/6 of the world Jewish population at that era. [117]
The Muslim conquerors established a primary military base in Jabiyah, an encampment in eastern Golan that was previously the capital of the Ghassanids. [30] According to one source, the initial Muslim force that arrived in Jabiyah comprised about 24,000 soldiers. [30] However, following the plague of Amwas, only 4,000 remained.